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Many old
professions do not exist in the present day. These are
also not in modern day dictionaries. We published a list
with the most common old professions. You may ask us for
others, if you do not find the profession you looking
for.
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English term |
German profession |
Trades |
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Leather |
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Kürschner;
Furriers distinguished from tanners through their
knowledge of special techniques they used for
preservation and beauty of furs
Belzner, Pelser, Pelzer,
Pelzner, Pelzmacher, Pilsmeker, Pilzer, Pölter, Pelzer,
Bältzer, Pelzhändler, Corsener, Girschner, Gurschner,
Kierschner, Kirschner, Kirsner, Körschner, Körsenwerchte,
Körsenwerte, Körsenwerte, Korssenmeister, Körtzener,
Körzener, Kürsner, Kürsener, Kurschner, Kursener,
Bondmacher, Bontfoderer, Bontmecker, Bundmacher,
Bundfutter, Bundfutterer, Buntfutterer, Buntfoder,
Buntfoderer, Buntmacher, Buntmaker, Buntmützer,
Buntschneider, Buntsnider, Buntwerker, Buntwörter,
Fellbereiter, Feller Fellhauer, Fellwerkbereiter,
Fellhändler;
other terms
including Latin terms: Fechner, Kulitze, Pellifex,
Pellificator, Pellio, Wildwerker
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Tanner |
Gerber
Gärber, Garb,
Garber, Garver, Gerb, Gerbel, Gerwer; Bastgerber,
Fellgerber
white tanners:
Albicerdo, Albicoriarius, Alutarius Cerdo, Erchmacher,
Erchmeker, Ircher, Irger, Irker, Löscher, Löschner,
Losch, Loschmacher, Schwödler, Weisgerber, Weißgerber;
red tanners:
Lauwer, Löber, Löbermann, Lohgerber, Loher, Löher,
Lorer, Lohre, Loir, Lör, Löhr, Lörer, Löhermeister,
Rotgerber, Rothgerber, Rotlascher, Rotlöscher;
black tanners:
Rußfärber, Schwarzgerber;
terms including
leather or generally persons dealing with leather:
Läderer, Lederer, Lederle, Lederbearbeiter,
Lederbereiter, Lederbraiter, Lederdauer, Ledergerber,
Ledergerb, Ledertauer, Lederthauer, Ledertäuer, Lederer;
terms giving the
kind of leather more precise: Ircher (goat),
Rindsschuster (cow), Sämischmacher (chamois), Korduan /
Corduan (Korduangerber, Korduanmacher, Corduangerber,
Corduanmacher), Juchtenlederer (Russian leather) and
Rößler (horse);
other terms
including Latin terms: Afstöter, Berker, Cerdo,
Coreator, Coriarius, Fläminger, Kumper, Seimtauer,
Tauer;
parchment maker
(before paper was known- in Germany the first paper mill
in Germany is testified 1390 - you have to write on
parchment): Bermenter, Bermenterer, Bermter, Birmenter,
Bermiter, Berminer, Buchfeller, Buchfellner,
Membranarius, Parmenter, Pergamentmacher, Pergamenter,
Permeter, Pirmeider, Pirmeider, Pirmenter, Pirmiter,
Puchveler;
related
occupations: Lohscheller, Lohschelder (person who peeled
the bark used for tanning from the trees); Borkmüller,
Lohstampfer, Lochstampfer, Lohstößer, Lohstöter,
Lohmüller, Lohmöller (producer of the lye used for
tanning); Kollerwascher (cleaner of leather coats);
Zapfenledermacher, Zappenmader (producer of leather
bungs and tubes);
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Shoemaker |
Schuhmacher, Schumacher, Schomacher,
Schoomacher, Schuster
shoemaker terms
with Schuh (shoe): Freischuster, Schaufert, Schaumann,
Schaumäker, Schauwecker, Schoemaker, Schoemakers,
Schomaker, Schomann, Schoomann, Schubart(h),
Schubert(h), Schubring, Schucht, Schuchter,
Schuchard(t), Schuchart, Schucherd(t), Schucherd,
Schuchmann, Schuckert, Schuhmacher, Schuhmann (partly
also used for shoe seller), Schuhwerk, Schuhwerker,
Schuwarte, Schurich, Schuricht, Schurig, Schuricke,
Schubbert, Schuffert, Schorcht, Schörken, Schuster;
from Latin Sutor
(shoe seamster) and other Latin terms: Calcarius,
Coreator, Coriarius, Sauter, Sautermeister, Sitterle,
Sutor, Sutoris, Sutorius, Suter, Sutter, Sütterlin;
other terms for
shoemaker, often referring to special leather or the
kind of shoes: Ansteker, Bantöffler, Cordewener,
Corduan, Frauscher, Kintscher, Kinscher, Knieriem,
Knieriemen, Korduan, Lersner, Pantoffelmacher, Reuß,
Sandler, Tschismenmacher, Tüfelmacher, Tüffelmacher,
Tüffenmacher;
shoe cobbler and
shoe repairmen: Alputzer, Altbüßer, Altbutzer,
Altflicker, Altlapper, Altlepper, Altplacker, Altreis,
Altreiß, Altreuß, Altschuhmacher, Altschuster, Bletzer,
Bletzler, Flickner, Flickschuster, Lapper, Lepper,
Olböter, Oldbuter, Oldkitter, Reutze, Rütze,
Schoolapper, Schuhflicker, Schuhlapper;
producer of wooden
shoes, clogs, cork maker: Calopedarius, Glotzenmacher,
Hölscher, Hultscher, Hülscher, Holzschuhhändler,
Holzschuher, Holzschuhmacher , Holzschuster,
Klippkrämer, Klippenmacher, Klotzenmacher,
Klotzkorkenmacher, Klozenkorkenmacher, Klumpenmacher,
Knöspler, Kurkeler, Pantinenmacher, Sohlenmacher,
Solemecker, Trippenmacher, Trippenhauwer;
other related
terms: Schuhknecht (apprentice shoemaker); Nestler,
Clausurmacher, Nüschenmacher, Senkler (shoelace maker);
Leistenschneider (maker of lasts for shoemakers);
Schuhputzer (shoe-shiner); Ortschmied, Pfriemenmacher
(tool smith especially for shoemaker's awls etc.)
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Leather Trades |
saddler,
producer of harnesses and other leather stuff, leather
strap maker: Artifex loricarius, Corrigiarius,
Ephipparius, Frenarius, Hamenmacher, Hammacher, Hamacher,
Hamecker, Koller, Kummeder, Lorarius, Remenschläger,
Remenschlager, Riemenmacher, Riemenschneider, Riemer,
Riemschläger, Riemschneider, Riemer, Sattler,
Sattelmacher, Sellarius, Stratarius;
bridle maker:
Bisser, Gebissmacher, Zaumschmied, Zaumschläger, Zeumer;
purse and glove
maker: Ballmacher, Ballonnenmacher, Beitler,
Beutelmacher, Beutler, Beudelmaker, Büdeler, Büdelmaker,
Buddelmaker, Budelmaker, Bursarius, Chirothecarius,
Crumenarius, Fickenwirth, Gantier, Handschuhmacher,
Hanteler, Hentscher, Marsuparius, Perator, Säckler,
Sackmacher, Seckler, Sekelmeister, Taschenmacher,
Taschner, Täschner, Teschner, Teschenmacher,
Wetschenmacher, Zonarius;
belt maker: Belter,
Cingularius, Clausurmacher, Funicularius, Gertler,
Gördeler, Görtler, Gürtelmacher, Gürtler Nüscheler,
Nüschler, Remenschläger, Remenschlager, Riemenmacher,
Riemenschneider, Riemschläger, Riemschneider, Riemer,
Riemler, Zingulator, Zommacher, Zonarius;
whip maker: Beischer, Bettschart, Peitschenmacher
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Wood-processing |
please
see also Millers |
Carpenters |
terms for carpenter derived from zimbar (medieval German
for timber): Hauszimmermann, Temmermann, Timmerman,
Zimbermann, Zimmerhauer (mainly mining carpenter),
Zimmerer, Zimmerling, Zimmermeister, Zimmergeselle
(apprentice carpenter), Zimmerknecht (assistant of a
carpenter);
other terms for carpenter: Axmann, Axthauer, Axtmann,
Bendehler, Bondihler, Carpentarius, Diebler, Dielenleger,
Dübler, Karpe, Lignarius, Pfettenhauer, Spanhauer,
Spenhauer, Xylocopus;
carpenters outside buildings: Baar, Baarer, Barer,
Scepsbarer, Schopper (ship's carpenter); Zimmerhäuer,
Zimmerhauer (mining carpenter)
terms for joiner and cabinet-maker with a furniture in
the name: Kistler, Kistenmacher, Kistmacher, Kistner,
Kister, Cistarius (Kiste - box, chest); Schreiner,
Schreinemacher, Schreinemaker, Schreiner, Schrinner (Schrein
- chest); Tischer, Tischler, Tischmacher, Tischner (Tisch
- table); Stuhler, Stuhlmacher, Stuler (Stuhl - chair);
Kästner (Kasten - box); Thorner (Tor- gate, door);
Schrankmacher (Schrank - cupboard); Truhenmacher (Truhe
= chest);
other terms for joiner and
cabinet-maker: Abiectarius, Arcularius, Arcarius faber,
Ebenist, Mensator, Panelenmacher, Schatilger, Schnittger,
Schnittker, Schnitger, Schnitker, Snitker, Scrinarius,
Tafelmacher
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Coach builders |
terms derived from Wagen (coach): Wagenbauer,
Wagenmeister, Wagenschmied, Wagener, Wagler, Wagner,
Wägner, Wägener Wagnermeister, Wähner, Wegner, Wegener,
Wehener, Weiner, Weinert, Weyner;
terms derived
from Rad (wheel) or other words meaning wheel:
Rademacher, Radermacher, Rademaker, Radmacher, Radmaker,
Radbauer, Radhauer, Radheuer, Ramaker, Rameker, Radecker,
Redecker;
terms derived
from Gestell (frame, "chassis"): Stellmacher, Stellmach,
Stellmaker, Stellmoker;
terms derived
from other parts of a coach: Achsenmacher, Assenmacher,
Assemacher, Assemaker and Assenmaker, Axhauer, Axenhauer,
Asshauer, Aßhauer, Aßheuer, Esser (Achse - axle);
Felgenhauer, Felgenheuer, Felgner, Felgener (Felge -
wooden wheel rim); Nabenschmied (Nabe - hub);
jovial terms
from krumm (crooked, bent): Krombholz, Krumbholz,
Krumbholtz, Krumholz, Krumpholz, Krummholz;
other terms: Carpentarius, Fiaulmacher, Kärcher,
Karbender, Kutschenbauer, Rhedarius, Scharrmacher,
Schirrmacher, Staterarius, Vetinkmaker
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terms borrowed
from Bode (barrel): Bätjer, Bettcher, Betcher, Betger,
Bettger, Bettker, Betker, Bädeker, Bädker, Bättger,
Bättcher, Bitger, Boddeck, Boddek, Boddeker, Böddecker,
Böddeker, Bödeker, Bödecker, Böddicker, Bödiker,
Bödicker, Bodniker, Böker, Böcker, Bottiger, Bottner,
Bötjer, Bötger, Böttcher, Bötticher, Böttiger, Böttger,
Böttner, Böttjer, Böttker, Kleinböttcher, Buddiger;
terms with Tonne (ton): Tonnenbinder, Tonnenmacher,
Tunnenmaker;
terms borrowed from cupa (Latin for barrel, partly
introduced to Germany from the Netherlands as cuyper,
cuper): Kuper, Küper, Küppenbender, Küpper, Küppers,
Cuiper, Cuyper, Kuiper, Kuyper, Keifer, Keiffer, Kiefer,
Kieffer, Kiefner, Küfer, Kuffer, Kufer, Küfler, Küffner,
Küfner, Kaufner;
terms borrowed from Fass, the recent term for barrel:
Fassbender, Faßbinder, Faßhauer, Faßmann, Faßschlupfer,
Fäßler, Fassler, Fässer, Fasser, Fathauer, Fatheuer,
Fatmann, Fatthauer, Fattmann, Fatmoker, Vathauer,
Vatheuer, Vatthauer, Vattmann, Feßler, Fätteker;
terms borrowed from Schaff, an old High German word for
barrel and Schedel, another old word for barrel:
Schaffler, Schäffler, Schäfler, Schaffmacher, Scheffler,
Schöffler, Schädler, Schedler, Bindschedler;
terms for cooper producing small barrels also mainly
derived from different terms for the vessel: Becherer,
Bechermacher, Bekerer, Bekemacher, Bekemaker,
Bekerwerker, Bekewert (from Becher - cup); Bödenmeker,
Büddenbender, Büdeker, Bütenbender, Butgenmaker,
Buttgenmaker, Bütmacher, Bütner, Büttemacher,
Büttenmacher, Büttenmaker, Büttekenmaker, Büttenbinder,
Butticher, Büttichenbinder, Büttger, Büttler, Büttner,
Püttner, Pütner, Puttner, Putner, Bittner, Pittner,
Weißbüttner (from Bütte = vessel in form of a tub);
Kiebler, Kibler, Kübler (from Kübel = bucket, pail);
Lägeler, Lägler, Lägelner, Legeler, Legler (from Lägel -
small barrel);
often the occupation term includes -binder (a person who
binds something), like Altbinder, Fassbinder,
Tonnenbinder or Büttenbinder; this terms are sometimes
reduced to Binder: Bender, Binder, Pinder, Pinter,
Grobbinder, Kleinbinder, Rotbinder, Weißbinder;
other terms for cooper: Bennenmacher, Benner, Biener,
Bitschenmacher, Holzbitschenmacher, Becharius,
Banzenmacher, Bareler, Beckenmacher, Einleger, Imiträger,
Kümmer, Kümper, Royer, Stünschenmacher, Schroder,
Schröder, Schröter;
Latin terms for
cooper: Cuparius, Doliarius, Ligator, Tunnarius, Viego,
Vietor, Vinctor;
stave maker and other assisting occupations: Daubenhauer,
Daubenmacher, Daugenhauer, Daugenheuer, Bentmaker,
Bentschneider, Bentsnider, Bendheuer, Bendschweicher,
Bandhauer, Bandreißer, Bandriter, Bandschläger,
Bandschneider, Küperholzmacher, Stabschläger, Staffhauer,
Stabholzhauer, Kimker, Kemker
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Wood turners |
terms for turner producing vessels through hollowing out
("cooper"): Moltner, Multer, Multerer, Moldenhauer,
Holztrogmacher, Jopenhauer;
wood turner with terms including the motion drechseln
(to turn on a wood lathe) or drehen (to turn):
Beindreher, Blockdreher, Blockdrechsler, Blockmacher,,
Blokmaker, Drechlser, Drechsel, Dreher, Drexel,
Drexelius Drexler, Dreyer, Holzdreher, Kunstdrechsler,
Träxl, Träxler, Traxler, Traxel, Trachsel, Trechsler;
terms for wood turner (and carver) producing derived
from different terms for the vessel they produce:
Geldenhauer, Geldner, Geltner, Gellner, Gildner, Gillner,
Giltner (Gelte - scoop vessel); Tippenhauer, Tippner,
Dippenhauer, Deppenhauer (Tippe - scoop vessel);
Schoffner, Schuffenhauer, Schopenhauer, Schoppenhauer,
Schoppendreier, Schöttelndreier, Schöttler (Schoppe -
scoop vessel and ladle); Schüsseldreher, Schöttelndreier,
Schöttler, Schettler, Schüttler, Schüßler, Schießler (Schüssel
- bowl); Flaschendreher, Flaschendreger, Flaschenträger
(Flasche - bottle);
occupation terms derived from terms for wooden measures
of capacity: Sesterer, Sisterer, Himpenmacher,
Himptemacher, Hemptenmacher, Hempter, Hindemacher,
Hemmeter, Malterer, Simmermacher, Summermacher, Simberer,
Simerer, Simmerer, Metzenmacher, Metzmacher;
Latin terms for wood turner: Tomeator, Tomio
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Smiths |
Smith was always an important profession in rural and
urban areas, and in peace and war. It was one of the few
really indispensable professions in an agricultural
society. There is high diversity in terms (for more
details see the special terms). Schmied is the recent
correct spelling, but all other spellings may occur in
combination with the specialized terms. Main categories
(including other weapon makers) are:
smith without any other terms: Schmied, Schmiedt, Schmid,
Schmidt, Schmit, Schmitt;
smith (and caster) working with copper or copper
combinations like brass (coppersmith, brass smith, brass
caster), including kettle maker (but without other tool
maker): Abenarius faber, Affengießer, Apengeter,
Apengießer, Auricalcifaber, Ausbraiter, Ausbreiter,
Beckdrechsler, Beckendrechsel, Beckenschlager,
Beckenschläger, Beckschläger, Beggelhuber, Bildgießer,
Blechschläger, Blechenschläger, Depperschmied,
Döppenschmied, Düppengießer, Geelgießer, Gelbgießer,
Grapengeter, Gropengießer, Kaltschmied, Kessler,
Kesseler, Kesselhut, Kesselmacher, Kesselschmied,
Ketelhut, Ketelhot, Ketelhaut, Ketler, Ketteler, Kettler,
Kezzler, Kopersmid, Kopperschmid, Kopperschläger,
Koperschläger, Kopschläger, Kößler, Kupferschmied,
Küpfer, Kupfer, Küpferle, Lou-Goldschmied, Messinggießer,
Messingschläger, Messingschlager, Pottgießer, Pottgüter,
Pottschmied, Rotgießer, Rothschmied, Rotschmidt;
farrier and blacksmith: Beschlager, Beschleger,
Beschlagmeister, Curschmied, Eisenhauer, Eisenschmied,
Fahnenschmied, Grobschmied, Hubschmied, Hufschmied,
Kurschmied, Reitschmied, Reutschmied;
smiths making blades of all kind (including other
weapons): Artillerieschmied, Axmann, Axtmann,
Bardenhauer, Bardenheuer, Bardtenschlager, Bartenschlag,
Bartener, Bartenhauer, Bartenschmidt, Bartschmidt,
Bartenwerper, Beilschmied, Bilensmet, Blankschmied,
Degener, Degenschmied, Dengler, Falcarius, Gladiarius,
Happenmacher, Hellebardenmacher, Hippenmacher,
Kalchschmidt, Kaltschmied, Klingenschmied, Klinger,
Messerer, Messerschneidenmacher, Messerschmied,
Sägenschmied, Schaidmeister, Schaidmesser, Scheidler,
Scheidner, Scherenmacher, Schermesserer, Scherenschmied,
Scheerschmidt, Schlieper, Schwerdtfeger, Schwertfeger,
Schertfürb, Schwertfirg, Schwert, Schwerdtner,
Schwertner, Segesser, Segisser, Segenschmied,
Sensenbrenner, Seissenschmied, Sensenschmied,
Sengstschmied, Sigesser;
smiths and other manual workers making hilts and handles
for knifes and swords: Beschaler, Creutzschmied,
Kreutzschmied, Kreuzschmied, Messergriffmacher,
Pfeilschifter, Reider, Schalenschroder;
smith (and founder) making weapons and guns (without
swords, rapiers, blades), chain maker, chain smith,
armourer, weapon maker, maker of wood stocks for guns:
Annularius faber, Armifaber, Armifex, Blatner, Blattner,
Blattener, Bleidner, Bombardarius, Bombarbista,
Bossengießer, Brünner, Büchsengießer, Büchsenmacher,
Buchsenmacher, Büchsenmeister, Büchsenschafter,
Büchsenschäfter, Büchsenschäftler, Büchsenschifter,
Büchsenschiffter, Büchsenschmied, Bücksner, Bussemaker,
Bussengeter, Bussengießer, Bussenmester, Büxenschäfter,
Büxenschüffter, Cervillarius, Eisenätzer, Eisenhuter,
Etzmaler, Feilträger, Feirschlosmacher,
Feuerschlossmacher, Gewehrschmied, Halsberger,
Harnascher, Harnischer, Harnischfeger, Harnischmacher,
Haubenschmied, Haubenstricker, Helmmacher, Helmschmied,
Hubenschmied, Kanonengießer, Kettenmacher,
Kettenschmied, Kettner, Kettler, Ketler, Ketteler,
Mörsergießer, Panzermacher, Platner, Plattner,
Plattenschlager, Plattenmacher, Plattennagel,
Plattharnischmacher, Polio, Ringelpanzermacher, Ringer,
Ringharnischer, Rinker, Rohrrüster, Rohrrüstmeister,
Rohrschmied, Salwirt, Salwirth, Sarwerker, Sarwürker,
Sarwerter, Stückgießer, Stückschmied, Stuckenschmidt,
Stuckschmidt, Stülpner, Waffenfabrikant, Waffenschmied,
Wappenschmied;
crossbow maker: Agittarius, Arcuarius, Armborsterer,
Armbruster, Armbrustmacher, Balestermacher, Balistarius,
Bogener, Bogenmacher, Bogner, Boltendreyer,
Boltendreiger, Bolzendreher, Bolzdreher, Palestermacher,
Pogner, Sagittarius, Staheler;
smith making small tools (tong, nail, needle, file,
hook, locksmith, spurs): Acicularius, Ahlenschmied,
Artifex calcarium, Bretzenmacher, Calcariator,
Calvarius, Dürrschmied, Feilenhauer, Feiler, Feilhauer,
Feilner, Feulner, Hackenschmied, Hakenschmied,
Hamschmied, Kesselhake, Ketelhake, Kleinschmied,
Nadelmacher, Nadelmann, Nadler, Nätler, Naetler, Nagel,
Nagelschmied, Nagler, Nägler, Nehler, Neiler,
Neilschmieder, Noldener, Noldmacher, Nudelmann,
Nuldener, Ortschmied, Plattschlosser, Pfriemenmacher,
Ringler, Schlesser, Schletter, Schlosser, Schlösser,
Schlothauer, Schlotthauer, Schlötter, Serator,
Spangenmacher, Spenelmacher, Spener, Sporenmacher,
Stecknadelmacher, Tierschmied, Türschmied,
Zangenschmied, Zengener, Zeugschmied;
smith working in a hammer mill and owner of steam
hammer, smith making metal rods: Blechmeister,
Eisenhammerbesitzer, Hammermeister, Hammerschmied,
Heischmied, Heuschmied, Malleator, Stabschmied,
Stabeisenschmied, Walkmeister, Zainer, Zainschmied,
Zainhammerschmied, Zeinhammerschmied, Zeinschmied,
Zerrner, Zigensmit;
silver- and goldsmith, gold and silver worker:
Argentarius, Aurifaber, Blattmacher, Bractearius,
Deaureator, Flitterer , Edelschmied, Geschmeidler,
Goldschmied, Golddrahtzieher, Goldschläger, Gulder,
Guldner, Kleremacher, Krätzmüller, Pariserarbeiter,
Silberschmied, Siberarbeiter, Vergolder;
drillsmith: Bohrschmied, Bohrerschmied, Eberschmied,
Naber, Nepperschmied;
pewterer, (tin or pewter) can founder, lead pourer,
producer of other metal cans, tinsmith: Affengießer,
Apengeter, Apengießer, Bleigießer, Büchsenmacher,
Bücksner, Califex, Cantafusor, Dosenmacher,
Kandelgießer, Kandler, Kändler, Kannelgießer,
Kannengießer, Kannenmacher, Kantengießer, Kendler,
Krüsekerl, Pastellator, Pfannenschmied, Plumbarius,
Stannarius, Verzinner, Ziengieser, Zinner, Zinngießer;
pot repairer, tinker: Aerarius veteramentarius,
Kesselböter, Kesselbieter, Kesselflicker, Kesselring,
Ketelböter, Ketelbuter, Rastelbinder (also Schlosser,
Schlösser, but mainly other meanings);
tinsmith, tinworker, plumber: Beschlägemacher,
Blachschmied, Blachschmidt, Blecharbeiter, Blechdrücker,
Blechler, Blecher, Blecherer, Blechmann, Blechner,
Blechschlager, Blechschläger, Blechenschmied,
Blechschmied, Bleeker, Bleker, Blicksleger,
Blickensleger, Blickschlager, Blikslager, Blicker,
Bliker, Blickschläger, Blicksläger, Blickenschläger,
Fibulator, Flaschner, Fläschner, Fleschner, Flöschner,
Glembner, Glembtner, Hydrauliker, Installateur, Klammer,
Klampferer, Klampfer, Klampfner, Klamperer, Klämpner,
Klempner, Klemperer, Klempert, Klemper, Klemptner,
Laminarius, Pflöschner, Salwürker, Salwurch, Spängler,
Spengler, Spengel, Spengelin, Stürzner, Sturtzner;
bell maker: Bellenmacher, Glockengießer,
Kleinglöckleingießer, Klingelschmied, Rollenmacher,
Schellenmacher, Schellenschmied;
other smiths producing special items: Reißzeugmacher,
Zirkelschmied (compass-maker); Pflugschmied, Pluger,
Schaarschmied, Scharschmied (plow smith); Ankerschmied
(anchor);
wire smith and worker: Drahtmüller, Drahtschmied,
Gitterleinmacher, Schwartzdrahtzieher;
metal polisher: Acuciator, Acuminator, Cotiarius,
Emundator, Eruginator, Gassenschleifer, Grobschleifer,
Gropschleifer, Lapsator, Messerschleifer, Samiator,
Scherenschleifer, Schleifer, Wetzer;
other terms for smith: Altschmied, Brenneisen, Brenner,
Brennknecht, Brennerknecht, Clusor, Eisenschmelzer,
Faber, Flachschmied, Flachsmit, Hartschmied,
Knopfschmied, Knopfsmit, Kohlschmied, Schmiedemeister,
Schmiedeknecht, Schmidtmaier, Schmidtmeier, Stähler,
Stahler, Stahlschmied, Stohler, Warmschmied;
other terms for metal worker: Beckenwerchte,
Beckenwerte, Beinberger, Beingewender, Dreher,
Eisengießer, Fabrikschlosser, Frischmeister, Schlosser,
Schwarzgießer, Schweißer, Wagenpfleger;
descriptive surnames for smith: Findeis, Findeisen
|
Food |
Food producing was the main
task in ancient time. Classical food trades are miller,
butcher, baker and brewer. See also Salt occupations,
Farming, fishing, forestry, food
traders, Innkeepers and cooks.
|
Millers |
As frequent and important occupation was a miller (Müller,
Mueller) often described more precise in the church
books, either by the location of the mill, the technique
used or the main product:
location: T(h)almüller (miller in the valley),
Bergmüller (miller at or on top of a hill), Ober- and
Mittelmüller (the miller at the upper and middle mill),
Unter- or Niedermüller (the miller lower mill); in
church books you can also find Müller der Obermühle
(miller at the upper mill), etc.;
technique: Windmüller (windmill operator); Wassermüller,
Wasserwieger (water-mill operator);
product: Bokemüller, Flachsmüller (flax miller);
Ölmüller, Olmacher, Ölmann, Öhler, Öhlmann, Ölstampfer,
Ölschläger, Olearius, Oehlstöter, Ölstößer (oil);
Kornmüller, Brotmüller (grain miller); Bohlenschneider,
Bortschnitter, Bredtschneider, Bretmüller, Brettmüller,
Brettsäger, Brettschneider, Holzmüller, Sägemüller,
Sageter, Sagenschneider, Holtschneider, Holzschneider,
Holtsnider, Säger (sawyer of timber, lumber);
Avenaticus, Gortemaker, Grutarius, Grützmacher,
Grützmahler, Gruttemaker (groats, whole-corn,
wholewheat); Malzmüller (malt); Waidmüller (plants for
dying); Krätzmüller (metal waste); Drahtmüller (wire);
Malzmüller (maltster, see Bierbrauer); Lohmüller (see
Gerber - tanner); Amidammaker, Amidammacher,
Ahmdammacher, Amidamfabrikant (cornstarch, cornflour);
from the old German term quirne, kürne (handmill,
treadmill, later also used for water mill): Querner,
Kirner, Kürner;
other terms: Aussacker, Bescheider, Molendarius, Molitor,
Metzner, Mühlenbursche, Müllerknappe (helper at a mill);
Mülscher, Müllergeselle (apprentice of the miller);
Mühlenbereiter (official supervising mills); Mühlerbe
(mill owner); Müllermeister (master miller); Bannmüller,
Bestandmüller
|
Butchers |
The butcher is still called differently in Germany:
Fleischer (Eastern and Central Germany, also the
official term), Schlachter (Northeast Germany) and
Metzger (South Germany):
variations of Schlachter: Schlächter, Schächterle,
Schlechter, Schlachtmann, Feilschlächter,
Fleischbeschauer (meat inspector), Pferdeschlächter,
Rossschlachter (last two horse butcher);
variations of Metzger / Metzler: Metzker, Metzner,
Metzig, Metziger, Metzeler;
variations of Fleischer: Fleissner, Fleischner,
Fleischle, Fleischhacker, Fleischhauer, Fleischmann;
Latin terms for butcher without specification:
Carnarius, Macellarius, Mactator, Marcellarius, Lanio,
Carnifex (last name also means executioner and skinner),
Equicida (horse butcher);
butcher for entrails and butcher making brawn: Küter,
Kuttler, Kuttelflecksieder, Flecksieder,
Kaldaunenkocher, Seidler, Sudler, Köttelwesch, Sulzer,
Sülzer, Wämstler, Wenster, Salsuciarius;
smoker of meat: Selcher, Selchert, Silcher and
Rauchfleischmetzge;
butcher for sausages: Worster, Wurster, Wurstler,
Wurstmacher and Saltzitzienmacher, Fartor, Matiarius;
other terms for butcher: Aushauer, Beinhauer,
Knakenhauer, Knochenhauer, Schächter, Stecher; Geisler,
Geiseler (last two terms only sometimes used for
butcher);
other terms for trader of butcher products: Bluthändler,
Smersnider, Fetthake, Fettmengen, Speckverkäufer,
Wildbrethändler |
Bakers |
Baker belong to the
occupations found in almost all villages. In many
regions it was forbidden to bake bread themselves due to
danger of fire. Therefore a baker was of the few
absolute necessary occupations even in the smallest
rural villages.
spelling variations of and combinations with the
official term Bäcker without further specifications:
Beck, Becker, Beker, Böck, and Backmann, Beckmann, Peck,
Pecker;
Latin terms for baker in general: Panifex, Pistor and
Talemetarius;
more specified terms for baker: bread baker (Brodbäcker,
Brodbeck, Brotbäcker, Brotbeck), baker of dark bread (Fastbäcker,
Feilbeck, Festbäcker, Kleinbeck, Grobbäcker, Rockener,
Rogener), baker of white bread (Losbäcker, Muscheller,
Mutschler, Schönbeck, Semmler, Similarius, Weckler,
Weißbäcker);
pastry baker, pastry-maker, producers of candies:
Crustularius, Cupendinarius, Dulciarius, Feinbäcker,
Flader, Konditor, Küchlebäcker, Kuchenbäcker, Lebküchler,
Pfister, Placzbeck, Platzbecker, Revenirer, Schönbeck,
Stutenbäcker, Süßküchler, Zelter, Zuckerbäcker;
other related terms: Brotprüfer, Brotwieger, Weckwieger
(supervisor of the bakery guild, bread examiner);
Brodführer, Brotführer, Brothändler, Brothöker,
Brotträger (bread trader); Bäckergeselle (apprentice);
Bäckermeister (master); Ofener, Ofner
|
Brewers |
Beer was an important basic food. The right to brew beer
was given by the towns, who often demanded high import
tax for beer from outside the town. Therefore the right
to brew beer was a very good opportunity to earn money
for those had the right. In large towns and cities many
people had the right to brew beer, but often it was only
a second job.
terms for including the word Bier (beer) for brewer,
beer hauler and beer seller, beer inspector:
Bierbesorger, Bierböther, Bierbrauer, Bierbruwer,
Biereigen, Bierfaktor, Bierführer, Bierfuhrmann,
Bierkutscher, Bierlader, Biermacher, Bierprüfer,
Bierrevisor, Biersieder, Bierrufer, Bierschröter,
Berspünder, Berspünder, Bierstecher, Biersticher,
Bierfahrer, Biermann, Bierhaake, Bierseller,
Bierversilberer, Bierträger, Bierzoger, Mengelbier;
terms for brewer and affiliated occupations derived from
brauen (to brew): Bierbrauer, Bierbruwer, Braueigen,
Brauer, Bräuer, Breier, Breuer, Breyer, Bruger, Brower,
Brouwer, Braumeister, Brauhausbesitzer, Brauherr, Bruwer,
Koitbrower, Koytbrouwer, Brauknecht, Brauerknecht,
Brawerknecht, Braugehilfe, Brauerhülfer, Schopenbrauer,
Schoppenbrauer;
Latin terms: Braxator, Coctor, Cerevisiarius,
Polentarius, Praxator, Zythopepta, Zytopoeus;
other terms retaled to beer brewing: Kneveler, Brasiator
and Mälzer, Malzmüller, Darrer, Gerbensider, Hefesieder,
Grüter, Metpreu, Metter, Seimer;
distiller (of spirits, brandy): Brandewiner,
Branntweinbrenner, Brandtweinbrenner, Brandweinbrenner,
Brenner, Stoker, Schnapsbrenner, Brennereigehilfe,
Brennmeister, Brennknecht, Brennerknecht;, Hefner and
Heffner (brandy distiller or vinegar maker), Essigbrauer
and Essigfabrikant (vinegar maker);
sugar maker and worker in sugar industry: Brotmacher,
Hutmacher, Zuckerimporteur; Zuckersieder
|
Clothes |
|
Weavers |
Weaver is one of the most important
occupation in the last centuries. It involves
very many different regional terms, as well of
specialized terms. The basic form is Weber (weaver). As
there were many weaver the occupation is more specified,
mainly through the type of cloth and or fabric:
terms meaning just weaver or cloth weaver are: Textor,
Tuchweber, Wandmacher, Weber, Zacher, Zacherweber,
Zachweber, Zeugweber, Zöwere, Zöwerer;
cotton weaver: Baumwollenweber, Baumwollweber,
Bombasinenweber, Bomseidenmacher, Bomsidenmaker,
Baumseidenmacher, Baumseidemacher, Kattunweber;
fustian weaver: Barchentweber, Barchenweber,
Barchetweber, Parchentweber, Parchetweber, Parchner;
linen weaver, canvas weaver (including parts of linen):
Bettzichenweber, Bettziechenweber, Bettzeugweber,
Bettzeugfabrikant, Breitmacher, Breittuchmacher,
Buhrenweber, Bürenweber, Kanefassmacher, Lakenmacher,
Lakenweber, Leinenreider, Leinwandweber, Leinweber,
Leinenweber, Lewantstricker, Linifex, Pantbereiter,
Smalweber, Ziechner, Züchner);
silk weaver: Bombicinator, Felbaweber, Seidenspinner,
Seidenweber, Seidenwirker, Seidennäher, Sydennäer,
Zindeler;
wool weaver: Roscher, Schrobber, Wobber, Wollenweber,
Wollweber, Wüllenweber, Zaiser, Zajemacher, Zeiser;
velvet weaver: Caffamacher, Kaffamacher, Kaffhaarmacher,
Samtweber, Trippeler;
weaver of other special kinds of fabrics: Baratmacher,
Barratmacher, Boratmacher, Bildweber, Buchstaber,
Damastweber, Drillichmacher, Fitzer, Flyer Ginganweber,
Golschenweber, Gölschenweber, Kölschenweber,
Kölschweber, Kotzenmacher, Kotzmacher, Kotzenweber,
Kotzweber, Nufeler, Ochsenweber, Rascher, Raschmacher,
Räßmacher, Salunenmacher, Sargenweber, Sargedrömacher,
Sayenmacher, Schalaunenmacher, Schallaunenmacher,
Schalauner, Schaluner, Schleiermacher, Seitzweber,
Sergenmacher, Tapetenweber, Traubenweber, Viererweber,
Wolldeckenmacher, Zitzweber, Zwillichmacher;
fuller: Fullo, Tuchwalker, Walker, Welker;
carpet weaver: Aulaeorum opifex, Heidenwerker,
Teppichweber;
wool carder, cleaner or preparer are: Carminarius,
Kämmler, Karder, Karter, Krempler, Pectinator, Strähler,
Straehler, Wollbereiter, Wollkämmer, Wollner,
Wollschläger, Wooler;
when weaving industry evolved in the 19th century many
specialized terms for weavers in factories, but even im
medieval times some of the specifications were known so
that they "survived" in surnames: Anspinner,
Blättermacher, Blattbinder, Blattsetzer, Blättersetzer,
Hilfswebmeister, Hilfsweber, Kammricher, Maschinenweber,
Nopper, Patronenzeichner, Plettersetzer, Schnellweber,
Schrobelmacher, Spuler, Spoler, Wandrahmmacher,
Webmaschinenführer, Webmeister, Webstuhlmacher
other terms are: Butenweber (weaver working outside the
guild), Knepsche (weaver's helper), Schwabenweber
(weaver in Nürnberg originally from Swabia);
Beuteltuchmacher (producer of flour sieves)
|
Cloth makers |
The basic term is Tuchmacher, but there is a variety of
other names for this occupation:
terms for clothworker without any specification (basic
term Tuchmacher): Bargmacher, Thuchmacher, Tucher,
Tuchmacher, Tuchscher, Zeugmacher, Zauer;
other terms for clothworker: Appreturmeister, Appreteur,
Scheermeister, Schlichter (fabric worker who improves
the fabric); Tuchknappe (not self-employed cloth maker);
Tuchmachermeister (master);
fuller: Grautücher, Lodenwalker, Tuchwalker, Walker and
Wüllner;
cloth inspector: Geschaumeister, Gezawsigeler,
Lakenwardein, Schauer, Schaur, Schaumeister, Tuchprüfer,
Zeugwahrter;
compare: Cloth traders
|
Tailors |
Schneider is the recent term for tailor, but there is a
variety of other terms:
terms for tailor / cloth maker without any specification
(basic term Schneider): Blocker, Drapenier, Drapier,
Drapierer, Draver, Incisor, Pannicida, Sartor, Scherer,
Schneider, Schnider, Schnyder, Schrader, Schroder,
Schröder, Schröter, Schröer, Tuchscherer, Tuchschneider,
Vestiarius;
terms for tailor / cloth maker making clothes in
generell with the term Gewand" (old for clothes) or
Kleider (clothes): Gewandschneider, Gewantsnider,
Kleidermacher, Wandschneider, Wantsnider;
terms for tailor / cloth maker making special clothes:
Culcitarius, Lodex, Mantelmacher, Mäntelschneider,
Mäntler, Mentler, Wamser, Wamsler, Wamseller (coats,
jackets); Blusenmacher, Hembder, Hemdmacher, Hemdspinner,
Indusiarius, Jopulator, Pfaidler, Rockmacher, Scheckeler
(blouses, shirts, skirts); Hosenschneider (trousers)
repairer of old clothes: Altflicker, Altgewander,
Altwander, Altwender, Altwendter, Altwalker,
Altschneider, Bletzer, Bletzler, Flickschneider,
Pictaciarius;
other related terms: Brustschneider, Korsettmacher,
Kröslerin, Wüllner
|
Sewing
occupations |
seamster: Nähdirne, Näher, Näter, Netor, Neyger, Neyer;
border seamster for decoration: Bandweber, Bordeler,
Bordenmacher, Bordenmaker, Bordenwerker, Bordierer,
Bortenmacher, Bohrtenmacher, Breisler, Breiser, Briser,
Limbolarius, Portenmacher, Posamentenmacher,
Posamentierer, Possementierer, Presswerker,
Saumbandmacher, Schnürriemenmacher;
lace maker: Schnürer, Schnurmacher, Schnürmacher,
Senkler (see also shoelace maker - Schuhmacher);
knitter without specification: Stricker;
stocking knitter: Hasenneger, Lismer, Strumpfnäher,
Strumpfstricker, Strumpfweber, Strumpfwirker;
embroiderer (basic term is Sticker): Acupictor,
Barbaricus, Scheckensticker, Sericarius, Sticker;
embroiderer using silk: Seidenneger, Seidenspuler,
Seidensticker;
(cotton) spinner: Baumwollenspinner, Baumwollspinner,
Spinner, Wollspinner;
threadmaker: Fadenmacher, Zwirner, Zwirnmacher;
maker of wooden spindles (distaff maker) and spinning
wheels: Kunkel, Kunkelmacher, Rädermacher, Rädker,
Rockenmacher, Spindelmacher, Spindler, Spinnradbauer.
Spinnrockenmacher;
terms related to spinner: Goldspinner;
hat maker: Barettmacher, Barettleinmacher, Bannismaker,
Bannissmaker, Banitzmaker, Bonnettemacher, Bonnitmaker,
Bonnitzmaker, Buntmützer, Filter, Filterer, Filzer,
Filzmacher, Huter, Hutmacher, Hutschmucker,
Hutstaffierer, Hutter, Kappenmacher, Kögler, Kugler,
Modistin, Pilearius, Pileo, Putzmacher, Putzmacherin,
Scheppler, Strohhutfabrikant;
button maker: Beinknopfmacher, Knaufmacher,
Knaufelmacher, Knäufler, Knopfmacher.
|
Dyer
and bleacher |
(cloth) dyer without specification: Colorator, Färber,
Ferber, Fläminger, Infector, Tinctor, Tuchfärber;
blue dyer (with the dye from the Waid): Blaudrucker,
Blaufärber, Blauferber, Blaufeur, Bocker, Böcker,
Waidfärber, Waidgießer, Waidner, Weidfärber, Weidgießer,
Weidner;
black and red dyer: Rauschfärber, Rodler, Rotfärber,
Rußbrenner, Rußfärber, Schwärzer, Schwarzfärber;
other dyers: Buntfärber (colored), Graufärber (grey for
loden), Schönfärber (nice);
bleacher: Albator, Bleeker, Bleker, Bleicher,
Bleichermeister, Candidarius;
other
related terms: Färbergeselle and Kumper (dying
apprentice).
|
Building trade |
|
Bricklayers |
bricklayer, house builder, construction worker, stucco
worker, paver (within a house), helper: Bauknecht,
Bahmann, Balierer, Ballierer, Baumann, Bauwerker,
Beumann, Bodenleger, Buwemann, Buwmann, Caementarius,
Cementarius, Esterricher, Estrichmacher, Glutinator,
Humpeler, Klaiber, Kleber, Kleiber, Lehmarbeiter,
Lehmentirer, Lehmklicker, Lehmverstreicher, Maurer,
Maurergeselle, Maurermeister, Murarius, Opperknecht,
Polier, Steinworte, Stukkateur, Stuckator, Stukator,
Stuckarbeiter, Zementierer;
overseer of city buildings, building contractor,
architect, clerks: Aedilis, Architekt, Baumeister,
Baukondukteur, Bauconducteur, Bauunternehmer, Bauherr,
Bauinspektor, Bauschreiber, Bauverwalter;
stone-layer, bridge builder, road worker, paver:
Besetzer, Brucker, Brückenleger, Bruckner, Brückner,
Brügger, Bruggenmaker,, Caduceator, Chausseearbeiter,
Dammsetzer, Filicarius, Friedmacher, Pflasterer,
Pruckmacher, Steinbröcker, Steinbrücker, Steinsetzer,
Straßenbauer, Straßenpflasterer, Wegesetzer, Wegmacher,
Wegemacher
|
Roofers |
roofer (terms do not show what kind of roofing he uses):
Dachdecker, Tector;
roofer of slate roofs, slater: Schieferdecker;
roofer of shingle roofs, shingle maker, shingle
merchant: Scandularius, Schindeldecker, Schindelhändler,
Schindelhauer, Schindelmacher, Schindler, Spillmacker,
Spindelmacher, Splettstößer, Splittgerber;
fletcher, thatcher, straw cutter: Strohdachdecker,
Strohschneider;
roofer with tiles, roofing tilemaker: Dachziegelmacher,
Kacheler, Kachler, Kächler, Kageler, Kagelmacher,
Kagelmann,Pannenbäcker, Pannenbecker, Stattpannenbecker,
Ticheler, Ziegeldecker;
roofer
using other roofing materials: Bleidecker, Blydecker.
|
Other stone and
building trades |
brick maker: Barnemeister, Bernemeister, Laterator,
Tegularius, Ziegelagent, Ziegelarbeiter, Ziegelbrenner,
Ziegeleibesitzer, Ziegeler, Ziegelmann, Ziegler;
stonemason, stonecutter: Flintfiller, Lapicida,
Lapicide, Rauhmaurer, Steinhacker, Steinhauer,
Steinmetz, Steinwirker;
quarry worker: Brecher, Lapidarius, Steinbrecher,
Steinbrucharbeiter;
related terms: Cacubarius, Gemmagenum, Kallchborner,
Kalchborner, Kälker, Sander, Sandhändler, Sandmann,
Steindreger, Steinträger, Steinschneider, Steinbrenner;
stovefitter, stove maker, chimney builder: Clibanarius,
Fornacarius, Furnarius, Furslotter, Kaminbauer,
Ofenbauer, Ofener, Ofner, Ofenfabrikant, Ofensetzer,
Slatmacker, Vurslotter;
whitewasher, painter: Anstreicher, Anstriker, Ausweißer,
Behangmaler, Binder, Ipser, Klecker, Maler, Moler,
Pictor, Röseler, Stacker, Staffirmaler, Stubenmaler,
Tüncher, Weißbinder, Weißbitner, Wißler, Zimmermaler;
wallpaper hanger, wallpaper painter: Tapazier,
Tapazierer, Tapetenmaler;
well supervisor, well digger: Aquilex, Borngräber,
Bornemaker, Borngeleitsherr, Bornherr, Borngreber,
Bornmacher, Bornmeister, Brunnenbauer, Brunnengräber,
Brunnenmacher, Brunnenmeister, Brunnenpalier;
maker of wooden and well tubes, maker of well basins:
Deuchelbohrer, Ganthauer, Teichelbohrer, Teuchelbohrer,
Teuker.
|
Other
Trades |
|
Book
and
paper trades |
papermaker: Bapirifex, Bappiermacher, Bapyrer,
Blattmacher, Büttgeselle, Papierer, Papirer,
Papiermacher, Papyrifex, Stampfer, Türkischpapiermacher;
punch cutter, seal maker: Caelator, Eisengräber,
Eisenschneider, Grabner, Graveur, Petschierer,
Petschaftschneider, Siegelgräber, Sigillgraber,
Stempelschneider;
bookbinder and manufacturer of book clasps: Bibliopegus,
Buchbender, Buchbinder, Clausurmacher, Funicularius;
printer, typesetter: Bokdrucker, Bokedrucker,
Buchdrucker, Buchdruckerfaktor, Buchstabensetzer,
Drucker, Impressor, Presser, Schriftsetzer, Setzer;
copper engraver, etcher, copperplate printer:
Bilddrucker, Chalcographus, Kupferdrucker,
Kupferstecher, Stecher;
pencilmaker, quill penmaker: Bleistiftmacher,
Federschneider, Kielfedernschneider, Kreidenschneider,
Posenschaber, Stefftenmacher, Stiftenmacher;
archivist: Archivar, Archivarius, Bibliothekar,
Bibliothekarin, Bokverwaher;
publisher: Verleger, Zeitungsverleger;
see
also Other traders, Artists, Messengers and Clerks.
|
Potters |
The occupation names of makers of earthenware derive
mainly from the (regionally different) names of the
products:
terms for potter derived from Hafen(Swiss, Austrian and
South German for pot): Hafner, Haffner, Häfner, Häffner,
Häfele, Hefner, Heffner, Hefele;
terms for potter derived from Grope (North German for
hollow vessel): Gropper, Gröper, Gröpeler;
terms for potter derived from Pott (North German for
pot): Potter, Pötter, Püttjer, Püttker, Pottbäcker;
terms for potter derived from Düppen and Topf (both
meaning pot in Middle German and are derived from tief -
deep, referring to "a deepened vessel"): Düpper, Dipper,
Döppner, Döpner, Depper, Tepper, Töpfer, Töpper, Dopfer,
Döpfner;
terms for potter derived from Aul, a word introduced to
Southwest Germany through the Romans: Aulenbäcker, Auler,
Euler, Eulner, Ohlenmacher, Ulenbecker, Ulner;
other terms for potter: Erdebäcker, Figulus,
Kannenbäcker, Kleibener, Krugbäcker, Leimenmacher,
Staufer, Steingutarbeiter, Steingutbrenner;
porcelain and ceramic worker: Bossierer, Pfeifenbäcker,
Retuschier, Weißdreher;
see
also Other stone and Building trades.
|
Other trades |
ropemaker (Seiler): Bandmacher, Bandmaker, Cordarius,
Funarius, Funifex, Kurdelmacher, Reeper, Reifer,
Reifschläger, Reifner, Reper, Repschläger, Restiarius,
Restio, Röpe, Röper, Sailer, Seelbinder, Seiler,
Seilmacher;
broom-maker, brushmaker (Besenbinder), combmaker (Kammacher):
Bender, Besemer, Besener, Bessener, Besenbinder,
Besenmacher, Besenstielmacher, Bessenbinner, Blattbinder,
Borstenbinder, Börstenmacher, Bösselmaker, Bössenbinner,
Bürstenbinder, Bürstenmacher, Burstenbender,
Burstenmecker, Hornrichter, Kammacher, Kampelmacher,
Kämpelmacher, Kardetschenmacher, Kardätschenmacher,
Krämpelmacher, Rutenbinder, Strählmacher, Virgulator;
basket weaver (Korbmacher): Bastflechter, Bastspinner,
Bennemacher, Bennenmacher, Corbo, Korber, Körber,
Korbflechter, Körbler, Korbmacher, Korbwagenmacher,
Kratzenmacher, Kürbenzainer, Kürbenzeiner, Mandenmacher,
Sortularius, Zainer, Zeiner;
glazier (Glaser), glas dealer, worker in glas industry:
Glasballier, Glaser, Gläser, Glasewerter, Glasmenger,
Glasverleger, Glaspolierer, Gläßner, Kitter,
Scheibenreißer, Vitriarius;
chandler, producer of wax candles (Kerzengießer):
Cereficiarius, Gaulichter, Kerzengießer, Kerzenzieher,
Lichtzieher, Lychnopoeus, Wachsbossierer,
Wachspoussierer, Wachsspinner, Wachszieher;
umbrella maker (Schirmmacher): Parapluiemacher,
Parasolmacher, Regenschirmmacher, Schirmmacher,
Sonnenschirmmacher, Umbellarius;
clockmaker (Uhrmacher) and maker of other instruments:
Auer, Auermacher, Aurmacher, Aurmaker, Großuhrmacher,
Kleinuhrmacher, Kompassmacher, Kumpastenmacher,
Orleymacher, Seigermacher, Seigerschmied,
Sonnenuhrmacher, Uhrblätterstecher, Uhrmacher;
rosary maker (Rosenkranzmacher): Baterleinmacher,
Bernsteindreher, Birnsteindreyer, Nosterer,
Paterlemacher, Paternosterer, Paternoster,
Paternostermacher, Perleinmacher, Rosenkranzmacher;
mirror maker (Spiegelmacher): Catopticus, Spiegelmacher,
Spiegler;
sieve maker (Siebmacher): Cribrarius, Rastelbinder,
Sibber, Sieber, Sieberer, Siebler, Siebner, Siebmacher;
packet maker (Tütenmacher): Dütenmacher, Gstadlmacher,
Tütenhersteller, Tütenmacher;
dice maker (Würfelmacher): Doppeler, Doppenschneider,
Würfelmacher, Würfelschneider;
doll maker (Puppenmacher): Boppenmacher, Dockenmacher,
Gumpenmacher, Puppenmacher;
wig maker (Perückenmacher): Capillamentarius,
Perückenmacher, Zopfmacher;
bucket maker (Eimermacher) and bottlemaker
(Flaschenmacher): Ampularius, Buddelmaker, Budelmaker,
Eimermacher, Emmerer, Flaschenmacher, Lagantor,
Moluckendreher;
fan maker (Fächermacher): Fächermacher, Waderlmacher;
crafts relating to flax: Brechenmacher, Hechelmacher,
Hechler;
other crafts: Bohrer, Brelnmecker, Brillenmacher,
Formdreher, Former, Formschneider, Hahnmacher, Kribber,
Luchtenmacher, Mattenmacher, Matzenmacher, Opifex,
Rolladenbauer, Schachtschneider, Schäufeler, Schäufler,
Wanner, Wannenmacher;
music
instrument maker see Musicians.
|
Raw materials |
|
Mining
occupations |
Mining was important in Germany and Austria since
medieval times and was therefore one of the first
profession groups with a high specialization. Most terms
start with "Berg-" which means normally mountain, but
also pit. Alternative spellings for Berg- might also
Berck, Perk, or Perck:
miner, qualified miner, pit foreman: Bergmann,
Bergarbeiter, Einfahrer, Berghauer, Hauer, Knappe,
Bergknappe, Steiger, Kohlensteiger, Metallarius,
Metallicus, Metallifossor, Schichtmeister;
other mining terms: Bergwerkbesitzer, Bergwerksbesitzer,
Stollner, Stöllner (mine owner); Bergmeister,
Perckmeister (manager of a mine); Schachtmeister (mine
master); Markscheider (mine surveyor); Bergingenieur
(mining engineer); Bergschreiber, Kalkschreiber (mine
clerk); Zimmerhäuer, Zimmerhauer, Verzimmerer (mining
carpenter); Siebmann, Sieber (sieve worker in a mine);
authorized representative of a mine (Verleger); Bergbote
(messenger of a mine); Berghauptmann, Bergherr (head of
the regional mining administration); Bergverwalter
(mining official, mine administrator);
worker in an lead, iron and steel works: Bleifactor,
Conflator, Erzgießer, Flator, Hüttenarbeiter,
Schmelzarbeiter, Schmelzer, Zinnflößer.
|
Salt
occupations |
saltmaker, helper at a salt-works: Hallore, Salarius,
Sallarius, Salinearbeiter, Salinenknecht, Salzsieder,
Soder, Solepumper, Sulengießer, Sülfmeister;
salt merchant: Salifex, Salinator, Salzführer,
Salzhändler, Salzkärrner, Salzmann, Salzstößel, Selzer;
saltworks overseer, customs official who had to control
the salt: Salzaufleger, Salzfüller, Salzgraf,
Salzinspektor, Salzmutter, Salzmütter,
Salzsteuereinnehmer, Salzvogt;
nitrate maker: Lasiterer, Salpetergräber,
Salpetersieder;
salt carrier, salt loader: Grapper, Salzfertiger,
Salzfuhrmann, Salzlader, Salzsender, Salzspediteur,
Salzverlader, Scheibler
|
Guild offices and other
general occupational
terms |
master of a guild, chief warden of a guild, leader of a
journeyman's association, senior of an organization:
Altermann, Ältermann, Ältester, Altherr, Ammeister,
Innungsmeister, Innungsobermeister, Jahrmeister,
Kerzenmeister, Obermeister, OM, Schaffer, Schencker,
Schenker, Vorgeher, Vorsteher, Weckwieger, Zechmeister,
Zunftmeister;
guild treasurer, warden of a guild: Bixnmeister,
Bixenmacher, Büchsenmeister, Büssenschaffer,
Ladenmeister, Püchsenmeister, Zunftpfleger,
Zunftschatzmeister;
guild member and other terms related to guild:
Ambachtsnote, Ambachtnote, Ambachtkind, Amtsmeister,
Gaffelbote, Geschickter, Innungsmitglied, Wetteherr,
Zunftbürger, Zünfter, Zünftiger;
craftsman operating outside a guild: Amtsstörer,
Bönhase, Butenweber, Butenwever, Freimeister,
Freischuster, Hümpler;
journeyman, apprentice: Altführer, Altgeselle,
Auszubildender, Beflissener, Bub, Bube, Discipulus,
Kleinknecht, Knecht, Lehrling, Wanderbursche, Wanderer,
Wandersmann, Worthalter, Züglin;
master: Meister, Meester, Mester, abbreviated M, Mst.,
Mstr.;
general occupational terms: abgedankter, Ambachtslüt,
Angestellter, Antecessor, Assistent, Baas, Beauftragter,
Bevollmächtigter, Commissarius, Ephorus, Fachmann,
Helfer, Meister, Meester, Obmann, Praester, Rentner,
Versorgungsempfänger, Verwandter
|
Farming, fishing, forestry |
|
Farming |
|
Farmers |
Bauer is the main used term for farmer today. It derived
from (an)bauen (to
cultivate). A lot of alternative spellings and different
endings and prefixes can be found, because most of the
population were farmer or
other people working in agroculture. The exact meaning
varies regionally and historically. Sometimes Bauer (and
its variations) refer only to someone who owned a
full-sized farm (therefore Halbbauer, Viertelbauer and
Achtelbauer describe farmer on ½, ¼ and 1/8 of a
full-sized farm. But in other times and regions the
terms can also refer to tenants of very little farms.
Normally every Bauer had his share on the common
pastures and woods of the community (Allmende). Instead
of Bauer, other terms for (full-size) farmer were used,
including Hüfner and Huber.
terms for farmer from bauen (to cultivate, but
originally from old German for house and to live)
without endings and prefixes except of man: Bahmann,
Bauer, Bauerle, Bauerli, Baufeld, Baufelder, Bauhofer,
Bauhuber, Baur, Bäurle, Bäurli, Bäuerlein, Beuerlein,
Beurer, Beumann, Beuermann, Buhmann, Bumann, Bouman,
Bürer, Bührer, Bürmann, Bührmann, Bumann, Baumann,
Buwemann, Buwmann, Gebauer, Gehbauer, Gebühr, Kapaurer,
Paur, Pauer, Paumann, Peuerle, Pürling, Vollbauer;
terms for farmer from bauen (to cultivate) but with
endings and prefixes indicating duties, location, etc.
of the farmer: Bauerngelde, Bauerngilde, Ackerbauer,
Bergbauer, Brotlbauer, Eigenbauer, Feldbauer, Freibauer,
Sandbauer, Schwertbbauer, Erbbauer, Spindelbauer (see
alphabetic list for exact meanings);
related terms with "bauen" (to cultivate): Bauverwalter,
Baumeister (farm administrator, but originally also
famer); Abbauer, Anbauer, Beibauer (farmer on a small
new split-off farm or new cleared land); Bauknecht,
Bauerknecht, Bauernknecht, Baumeister, Buerknecht
(farm-hand); Halbgebauer (owning only half of a farm);
Jungbauer, Junggebauer, Junggeburth, Neubauer, Neuber,
Neubert, Niebuhr, Niebur, Niebauer, Nieber, Niebert,
Nuber (young and new famer); Hundgeburth (farmer
breeding or caring for hounds);
Hüfner is the (old) basis term for farmer in some
Northern and central German regions: Hüfner, Hufner,
Hüfler, Hüfner, Hüffer, Hüfer;
Hüfner is often specified by the size of land:
Dreihüfner (3 Hufen), Zweihüfner (2), Anderthalbhufner
(1 ½), Hüfner (1), Halbhüfner (1/2), Viertelhüfner
(1/4), Achtelhüfner (1/8), or in church books even more
precise like Fünfviertelhüfner (5/4) or Dreiachtelhüfner
(3/8);
other terms with Hüfner: Althüfner (retired farmer);
the same meaning as Hufe has Hube in Southern Germany,
therefore farmers are called: Huber, Hübener, Hübner,
Hieber, Hiebner, Hiebler, Hümmer;
terms for farmer with reference to the (main) product:
Kabuzenbauer, Hoffmuttersmann, Kuhbauer,
Milchviehzüchter, Höpfner, Zielke, Züchter;
terms mentioning to the main working animal: Anspänner,
Einspänner, Exner, Öchsner, Pferdner, Schirrmeister;
terms for farmer referring to rights and duties:
Ackerbürger, Amtsfreier, Bargilde, Freibauer,
Freihäusler, Freisasse, Freistellenbesitzer, Freisitzer,
Halbwinner, Kolon, Kolone, Sattelhöfer, Scharwerksbauer,
Schaarwerksbauer, Seidler, Vribunde, Zinsbauer;
terms for farmer referring to the time when the farm
founded: Aröder, Neuschwander, Neuschwender, Röder,
Schwendimann, Kolonist, Reuter, Siedler;
terms for farmer referring to the location: Achtermann,
Achtermeier, Bergler, Bergbauer, Echterling, Echtermann,
Echtermeier, Hintersättler;
other terms for farmer: Agricola, Arator, Artmann,
Bohlsmann, Bolsmann, Bonde, Ackerer, Ackerwirt,
Ackerwirth, Landwirt, Stavener, Stellenbesitzer, Villan,
Zeller, Rurensis, Rusticus, Hofbesitzer, Interimswirt,
Interimswirth, Hausmann, Zeller, Nachbar, Wirt, Wirth
(last two mainly innkeeper);
farm administrators (see also 4.1.1 Administrators):
Dorfmann, Dörfer, Dörper, Meier, Meyer, Maier, Mayer,
Mayr, Massarius, Schaffer, Villicus, Gutsverwalter,
Administrator, Baumeister, Gastalde, Kurator, Oeconom,
Oekonom, Kästner, Kestner, Köstner, Sedelmeier, Settbur
(some of the terms have in addition quite different
meanings, see alphabetic list).
|
Gardener
and other
smallholders |
Gärtner today means only gardener, but in until the
early 20th century the main meaning was "farmer with a
very little land". A gardener did not have his share of
the common land, the Allmende; he owned only a little
land, often fenced, on which he cultivated vegetables
and fruits, but normally no grain.
terms for gardener (small farmer) with Garten (garden)
and another word describing what he mainly cultivate:
Gärtner, Weingärtner (vine), Birnengärtner (pears and
other fruits), Baumgärtner (trees), Kohlgärtner
(cabbage);
terms for gardener (small farmer) with Garten (garden)
and another word describing his duties or status:
Eigengärtner (cottager with a garden of his own),
Dreschgärtner, Dreschermaß (cottager with a garden, who
had to work for the manor);
other terms for gardener: Hortulanus, Paradeiser and
Tuunker;
terms for small farmer (meaning of terms vary in time
and region, but the following terms mainly refer to
farmer with only a small farm): Ackermann, Ackersmann,
Bergler, Beständer, Beständner, Bergler, Colonus,
Eigenlehner, Exner, Gütler, Keuschler, Kleinbauer,
Köbler, Kutschner, Lehner, Öchsner, Stäbner, Stäbler,
Stäber, Stengelbauer;
other
related terms: Bestanderlasser (landlord of a small
farm).
|
Wine-growing
occupations |
Wine grower or vine dresser (they often own the land,
but they can be tenants also): Winzer, Amtswinzer,
Häcker, Kalterer, Kelterer, Rebmann, Rebmeister,
Weinbauer, Weinberger, Weingärtner, Weinreber, Weinzierl,
Weinzirl, Wingertsmann or Vinitor;
people working in a winecellar and other related terms:
Kalterer, Kelterer (worker in a wine-cellar); Keller,
Weingut-Verwalter, Kellerherr (wine steward);
Kellereiverwalter (administrator of the winecellar);
Kellermeister, Promocondus, Cellarius (keeper of the
winecellar); Stieffeler (maker of vineyard stakes);
Weinbleicher (wine bleacher, adulterator); Weinsticher,
Weintester (wine tester); Keltermacher (winepress
maker); Berghold (vineyard owner); Weinleser
(grape-picker);
vintner, wine hauler, wine dealer, vinegar merchant:
Essigmann, Essigmanger, Essigmenger, Mengwein,
Weingroßhändler, Weinhändler, Weinherr, Weinmann,
Weinschröter, Weinverlader;
wine
innkeeper: see Innkeepers and Cooks.
|
Beekeepers |
Bienenzüchter, Imker, Apiarius, Beutner, Bienhalter,
Biener, Bienenwärter, Bienenwaerter, Bienenmann,
Bienzeidler, Büthener, Mellicida and Zeidelmann, Zeidler,
Zeidelmeister.
|
Cheese
makers and
milkers |
cheese maker: Käser, Käsebäcker, Käsemacher, Käsmacher,
Casier, Laaber, Ziegerer;
cheese maker terms which refer mainly to Alpine dairyman
/ dairywoman, cheese maker and herdsmen / herdswomen:
Senn, Senner, Sennerin, Sentrin, Brenntlerin, Alpmann,
Schwaiger, Schwagrin, Schweiger;
milker: Melker, Melcher, Lacticinator, Schweizer (Schweizer
can refer to a head, owner or tenant of a diary);
other
dairy terms: Holländer (cheese diary owner);
Milchmädchen, Stallmagd (milkmaid); Buttermann (buttermaker).
|
Herdsmen and grooms |
Herdsmen: Hirt, Hirte, Hüter, Hütter, Hutmann (often
shepherd), Treiber, Viehhirte, Viehknecht, Viehmagd,
Pastor (which normally is priest), Mandrita;
cowherds (male and female) and cattle herdsmen: Kuher,
Küher, Kuhhirt, Kuhhirte, Kühhirt, Kuhhirtin, Kühhirtin,
Rinderhirt, Rinderknecht, Ochsenknecht and Bubulcus;
swineherds and pigherds (male and female): Säuhirt,
Säuhirte, Sauhirth, Säuhirth, Sauhirtin, Säuhirtin,
Sauhirthin, Schweinehirt, Schweinehirth, Schweinhirt,
Schweinehirtin, Schweinehirthin, Schweinhirtin, Sween,
Procarius, Subulcus;
shepherds: Schäfer, Schafhirt, Schafhirte, Schafhirthe,
Schafmeister, Schaper, Scheper,Scherer; Bauernschäfer;
Bergarius, Fugger, Opilio, Upilio;
horse herdsmen and grooms, equerry: Bereiter, Bereuter,
Pferdeknecht, Pferdehirt, Pferdehirte, Rosshirt,
Rosshirte, Reitknecht, Koppelknecht, Marpahis,
Stuttknecht, Stallbursche, Stalljunge, Stallmagd,
Stallknecht, Stallmeister, Wildenhirte, Wildhirte,
Wildhirt, Wildhüter, Zechner, Kobelhirt, Koppelhirt,
Agaso, Stabularis;
terms for horse grooms which have in addition also quite
different meanings: Rosser, Rößler, Rösser, Cammerarius,
Anspänner;
Alpine cattle herdsmen / herdswomen (and dairyman /
dairywoman): Senn, Senner, Sennerin, Sentrin,
Brenntlerin, Alpmann, Schwaiger, Schwagrin, Schweiger;
in
some richer regions people regularly from adjacent poor
regions searched work during spring, summer and autumn;
they were called after the region where they worked:
Hollandgänger, Sachsengänger, Schwabengänger.
|
Farm
hands and
servants |
Senior farm-hands: Schaffer, Baumeister (both also with
very different meanings), Vorknecht, Großknecht;
other farmhands, farm day laborer and servants: Knecht
and Landarbeiter (basic terms), Ackerknecht,
Bauernknecht, Bauerknecht, Behandinge, Buerknecht,
Buwknecht, Famellus, Gehuster, Hofmann, Kleinknecht,
Satellit, Hofgänger, Scharwerker;
female servants and farm maids are: Magd, Altmagd,
Ancilla, Famella, Obsequa;
farm-hands with special occupations like harvest hand,
mower, cutter, reaper, harvester, picker: Ackerjunge,
Ackermann, Ackersmann, Apfelmann, Apfler, Appelmann,
Drescher, Erntearbeiter, Erntehelfer, Feniseca,
Foeniseca, Futterknecht, Fütterer, Grabaccordant, Gräser,
Häcker, Heuer, Inste, Instmann, Kornschneider,
Kornumstecher, Landinste, Losfrau, Losmann, Mader, Mäder,
Mähder, Mäher, Meder, Obster, Obstler, Säer, Sämann,
Sator, Schlotthauer, Schlothauer, Schlötter, Schnitter,
Sichter, Tabaksarbeiter, Tabakpflanzer, Tabakspinner,
Trito, Wildheuer
|
Tenants |
The term Pächter (tenant, leaseholder) can refer to any
leaseholder, but normally the term is added by another
term when no farm tenant is meant (e.g. Mühlenpächter =
tenant of a mill; many farmer terms can refer to both
tenants and owners; terms definitely meaning farm tenant
are:
Erbpächter, Kammerpächter Wiedemutpächter; Häuerling,
Heuerling, Heuermann, Kampheuerling, Bestandwirt,
Bestandwirth, Halbwinner, Stratener, Arrendator,
Konduktor, Reddituarius, Lehner, Wittmer, Kirchmeier.
|
Retired
farmers |
As divers as the terms for farmer are those for retired
farmers. Retired farmers often moved either to cottage
(on the farm grounds beside the main house or somewhere
else) or to a special room in the farm house:
Althufner, Althüfner, Abnahmemann, Abnehmer, Abschieder,
Abschiedsmann, Altenteiler, Altsitzer, Altbauer,
Ausdinger, Ausgedinger, Ausnehmer, Austrägler,
Auszügler, Exkolon, Nahrungsmann, Nahrungsfrau.
|
Cottager |
The term for "house owner (with a little land for own
use)" varies from region to region. The terms for the
occupation mainly derives from the different word for
cottage:
cottager terms derived from Haus (house): Häusler,
Heusler, Heißler, Hüssler, Auenhäusler, Tropfhäusler,
Freihäusler;
cottager terms derived from Kate (cottage):
Bondenkäthner, Kätner, Käthner, Katenmann, Kathenmann,
Eigenkätner, Kleinkätner;
cottager terms derived from Kote (cottage): Köter,
Kötner, Köthner, Kötter, Eigenkötner, Eigenkötter,
Kleinkötner, Kleinkötter, Cossät, Cossat, Cossate,
Cotsass Kossät, Kossat, Kossate, Kotsass, Kothmann,
Kotmann, Brinkköthner, Brinkkötner, Straßenkötter;
cottager terms derived from Hütte (cottage): Hüttner;
cottager terms derived from Bude (cottage): Bodener,
Bödener, Bödner, Büdner, Büdener;
other terms for cottager: Backhausmann, Brinker,
Brinklieger, Brinkmann, Brinksitzer, Kutschner, Spicker,
Selder, Seldner, Spikermann, Zusteller
|
Castrators |
Castrator was an important occupation in former times.
Especially pig castrators were much more frequent as in
recent times as pigs were herded together in the woods.
All pigs who only servered as porker had to be
castrated. The terms were regionally different so that a
large range of terms evolved:
pig castrator terms derived from Nunne (castrated female
pig): Nonnenmacher, Nonnemacher, Nunnenmacher,
Nunnemacher;
pig castrator terms derived from Ber (castrated male
pig): Bärschneider, Bärstecher, Bärenstecher,
Beerstecher, Berstecher, Berenstecher, Beerenstecher,
Berschneider, Beerschneider, Bernschneider,
Bierschneider, Bersauter, Berzauter, Pernstecher;
pig castrator terms derived from Putt (piglet):
Puttschneider, Püttschneider, Pützschneider;
pig castrator terms derived from Galze (castrated pig):
Galzer, Gelzer, Gelzleichter, Gelzenleuchter,
Gölzenleuchter, Goltzenleuchter, Golzer, Gölzer;
other terms for pig castrator: Begiener,
Ferkelbeschneider, Köpfler, Schweinebeschneider,
Suwestecher;
horse castrator: Fohlenbeschneider, Pagenstecher;
cock castrator: Kapauner;
other terms for (animal) castrator (not specified):
Beschneider, Castrator, Feldscher, Feldscherer,
Fotzenstecher, Heiler, Kastrierer, Leichter, Leuchter,
Lipper, Lupper, Mohrenstecher, Schöpser, Stecher,
Verheiler, Viehbeschneider.
|
Fishers |
generell terms for fishermen and high see fishermen:
Fischer, Fischermann, Hochseefischer, Piscator, Segner,
Seigner, Senker, Seuner, Vischer;
fishermen and fish seller specialized on special fish
species: Aalfischer, Aalsticker, Aalgarer, Aalräucherer,
Schieringer (eel); Allecum lotor, Häringer, Heringer,
Heringsfischer, Heringswäscher (herring); Krebisser
(shell);
dealer selling fish and fish products: Fischbeinhändler,
Fischmenger, Fischverkäufer, Fischweicher, Fischweker,
Heringshändler, Kagelbruder;
related terms: Netzmacher, Reusenmacher, Bungenmacher
(fish net maker); Agtfischer, Agsteinfischer (amber
gatherer); Keiper (captain of a fishing boat);
Steinfischer (stones or amber);
see also Seafaring occupations
|
Forestry |
|
Foresters and
Hunters |
forester, forest ranger, forest supervisor, overseer of
wood in a forest: Amtsjäger, Forestarius, Forstbeamter,
Forstschutzbeamter, Förster, Forster, Forstner,
Forstverwalter, Holzgraf, Holzgrefe, Holzvogt, Kreisser,
Oberförster, Waldgrebe, Wehrmeister, Wildförster,
Wittgrefe;
forest guard, woodcutter, wood worker, forester's
helper: Baumhauer, Baumwärter, Bereitknecht,
Buschwächter, Forstknecht, Forstwächter, Hegereiter,
Schnittger, Schnitger, Schnittker, Schnitker, Waldhauer,
Waldhäuer, Waldhüter, Waldschläger, Waldschütze,
Waldwächter, Wildnisbereiter, Wildnisbereuter;
gamekeeper: Wildheger, Wildenhirte, Wildhirte, Wildhirt,
Wildhüter;
(game) hunter: Fänger, Jaculator ferarum, Jäger,
Schießer, Schütze, Spurmann, Suchmann, Venator, Waidmann,
Waydjäger, Weidmann, Weidemann, Weydmann, Wildner,
Wildschütz;
hunting helper: Ausbraiter, Ausbreiter, Entensteller,
Jagdgehilfe, Stuckknecht;
game poacher: Wilddieb, Wilderer;
hunting of and hunting with birds, collecting eggs:
Aucellator, Eiersammler, Falconarius, Falconiermeister,
Falk, Falke, Falkner, Hachmeister, Vogler
related terms: Tierausstopfer, Waldreiter, Windhitzer;
land clearer: Röder, Reuter
|
Charcoal burners
and similar
occupations |
char-coal burner: Carbonarius, Holzkohlenbrenner,
Kohlenbrenner, Köhler, Kohler;
related terms: Teerschweler, Theerschweler, Tunderkerl,
Zundersammler;
pitch burner: Bechler, Harzer, Pechbrenner;
peatcutter: Presstorferzeuger, Stecher, Torfstecher,
Torftreter;
burner of wood-ash to prodush potash for soap-producing
and for glass-making purposes: Äscherer, Ascherer,
Aschenbrenner, Aschenborner, Aschefahrer, Aschenfahrer,
Eschenbrenner, Holzaschenbrenner.
|
Services |
|
Traders |
|
Traders
(terms
without
specification) |
Here those terms are listes for dealers which do not
specifiy the goods. Most terms are for peddler, because
this was the most widespread occupation in trading:
terms for merchants including the word kaufen (to buy):
Kauffrau, Kaufherr, Kaufhändler, Kaufmann, Käufer,
Käufel, Käufler, Käufeler, Koopmann, Kaffl;
terms for (large) merchants including the word handeln
(to trade): Großhändler, Händler, Kaufhändler,
Kleinhändler, Zwischenhändler, Handelsherr, Unternehmer;
other terms for (mainly) small merchants: Gadenfrau,
Gadenmann, Monger, Pfragner, Schlieter, Stößer, Trändler,
Winkler, Winkelier;
Latin terms for (large) merchants: Materialista,
Mercator, Negotiant, Proxeneta, Redemptor, Venditor;
door-to-door salesman, peddler, trader from backpack
(including small dealer): Abenteurer, Abenture,
Abentuwerer, Abenteurer, Actionarius, Adventurier,
Beikramer, Budiquier, Crämer, Cramer, Dantler, Dendler,
Dreutler, Eseler, Feilpeddler, Feilträger, Fragner,
Fratscher, Fretschner, Frötschner, Frötscher, Gänder,
Gängeler, Gengler, Gremp, Gremper, Grempler, Haak, Haake,
Hake, Haken, Hausierer, Hockner, Hodeler, Hödel, Höker,
Hucker, Hüxter, Institor, Kamesierer, Knapsack,
Kolporteur, Krämer, Kramer, Krämper, Kremer, Krempner,
Krömke, Landkramer, Lautfahrer, Merzler, Mezler,
Penesticus, Schacherer, Schäufeler, Schäufler,
Schaukastenträger, Schotte, Scrutarius, Sonnenkrämer,
Sonnenkramer, Stäbler, Stabulier, Stabulierer,
Stationierer, Stationarius, Tafelitenkrämer,
Tafelitenkramer, Tafelitt, Tagneter, Tallierer, Tändler,
Tandler, Tödde, Trödler, Troner, Tüdde, Tütte,
Veteramentarius, Wannenkrämer, Wannenkramer;
wholesaler: Großhändler, Pantopola, Fugger, Fuggerer,
Fuker, Fucker, Fuckerer, Vucker, Vocker, Focker,
Reidemeister, Verleger;
auctioneers: Aucionator, Auctionarius, Auctionsmakler,
Auctionsverwalter, Auktionator, Auktionsmakler,
Auktionsverwalter, Ganter, Verganter, Versteigerer;
barterer: Büter;
broker, real estate agent: Makler, Sensal, Unterkäufler,
Unterkäufer;
terms for sales clerks and similar occupations:
Ambachtknecht, Anreisser, Handelsbedienter,
Handlungscommiss, Kommissarius, Kommissär, Verkäufer,
Komiss, Kommerziant.
|
Animal
traders |
cattle dealer: Viehhändler, Viechhändler;
goat dealer: Ziegenmenger;
hog dealer: Farcher, Schweinehändler, Treiber, Verler;
horse dealer: Equicius, Ferdemenger, Ferdmenger,
Pferdemenger, Pferdehändler, Rosskamm;
poultry dealer: Federviehhändler, Ganser,
Geflügelhändler, Hühnerträger, Menkeler;
livestock feed merchant: Fuderer, Futterhändler,
Futtermenger, Fütter;
other terms: Bracker, Finkler, Finkenfänger, Geisler
(sometimes), Gyseler, Tierhändler.
|
Food traders |
fruits and vetetables: Apfelmann, Apfler, Apfelkramer,
Apfelhöker, Apfelmenger, Appelmann, Appelkramer,
Appelhöker, Appelmenger, Kappusmann, Obesser,
Obsthändler, Obstverkäufer, Pomarius, Weißkohlhändler,
Erbsenhändler, Erweißer, Birnmenger, Gemüsehändler,
Moshake;
cheese: Käser, Käsehändler, Kesskaiffer Tyropola,
Käsehage;
eggs: Ayrer, Eierhändler, Eiermenger;
grain and garin fruit: Annonarius, Bierer, Bladarius,
Fruchthändler, Frumentarius, Hirsemann, Körner,
Kornfruchthändler, Kornführer, Kornhändler, Kornmann,
Kreisler, Schrannengast;
flour: Melber, Melreder, Mehlhändler, Mehlmann;
herbs: Aromatopola, Condimentarius, Gewürzkrämer, Imber,
Ingwer, Reichkrämer, Speciarius, Spezereihändler,
Spezereikrämer, Spezereikramer, Wurzkrämer, Wurzkramer,
Wurzler, Wurzmann, Wurzmenger;
oil (maker and dealer): Nüsseler, Nüssler, Oleymann,
Ölmann, Öhler, Öhlmann, Oehlstöter, Ölstößer;
other products: Barmhändler, Brasilholzstößer,
Brasilienholzhauer, Senfer;
grocer: Kolonialwarenhändler, Lebensmittelhändler
Nahrungsmittelhändler;
meat and sausages see Butchers, Bakers, Brewers, Salt
occupations, Wine-growing occupations
|
Cloth traders |
cloth merchant: Gewänder, Kleiderhändler, Tucher,
Tuchhändler, Wandkramer, Watmanger, Waytmenger,
Wendkrämer, Wendkramer, Wollhändler, Zeugkrämer,
Zeugkramer;
haberdasher, drygoods merchant: Bijouteriehändler,
Brämelmacher, Galanteriewarenhändler, Komplethändler,
Kurzwarenhändler, Nadler, Schnittwarenhändler, Tellrer;
canvas and linen merchants: Briechler, Lauenstreicher ,
Leinwandhändler, Wäschehändler;
dealer in used clothings: Altwander, Altwender,
Altwendter, Kleiderhocker and Kleyderhocker;
other clothes: Schleierverkäufer, Stirnstoßer (veil
merchant); Spitzenhändler, Bandhändler, Bänderkrämer
(lace and ribbon dealer);
other terms: Wattmann, Schlachtwanter (cloth
wholesaler); Buntendrager, Feitler (door-to-door cloth
peddlers);
hat trader (see also Sewing occupations): Baretter,
Barettkramer;
shoe seller see Shoemaker
|
Other traders |
books, newspaper, pictures: Bibliopola, Bokefohrer,
Boickforer, Briefkramer, Bücheraltreiß, Buchführer,
Buchhändler, Bilderhändler, Briefdreger, Brieftrager,
Gotzenträger, Götzenträger, Kunsthändler, Librarius,
Prieffkramer, Zeitungshändler;
knifes, cutlery: Klingenkaufmann, Messerträger;
earthenware, pots: Hafenreffer, Krogmann, Krugmann,
Krugelmann, Steingutwarenhändler, Topfhändler;
flax and flax waste dealer: Flachshändler, Flachsmenger,
Kauderer, Kuderer, Linarius, Werghändler;
iron: Eisenhändler, Eisenmenger, Gerillhändler,
Stalmenger;
timber trader, wood merchant: Holzhändler, Holzmann,
Holzmenger, Krummholzhändler, Xylopola, Witmenger;
jewel merchant (including jewel and amber polisher and
related occupations): Abentürer, Achatschleifer,
Agtschleifer, Bernsteinschleifer, Bijoutier,
Bijouteriehändler, Demantschneider, Diamantschleifer,
Diamantschneider, Ebentuerer, Edelsteinhändler,
Edelsteinwürker, Galanteriearbeiter,
Galanteriewarenhändler, Gemmarius, Granatrosenschneider,
Granatschneider, Granatschleifer, Granatsetzer,
Joellarius, Juwelier, Obentürer, Ofentürer,
Pariserarbeiter, Steinschneider (also Schmied -smith);
second-hand dealer, rag-and-bone dealer: Althändler,
Hodeler, Hödel, Lumpenhändler (see also Händler:
Kleidung);
people working at markets: Aufdinger, Büdner, Büdener,
Fasszieher, Fiarant, Gadamer, Gademer, Jahrmarktshändler,
Marktaufseher, Marktschreier, Scharnemann, Spetter,
Staheler, Storger, Unterbeseher, Viktualienhändler;
other agricultural good dealer: Blüthner, Blütner,
Strohmenger, Tabagist, Tabakist;
other dealer: Bettfedernhändler, Brüchler, Greshake,
Rorenschieber;
terms for clerks and sales staff: Buchhalter, Buchführer,
Kassengehilfe, Kassengehülfe, Kassierer, Kassier,
Kontorbedienter, Kontorist
|
Health
|
|
Physicians |
physician generell, with or without university degree:
Arzt, Arste;
physician, doctor (mainly with university degree):
Aliptes, Armenarzt, Amtsarzt, Archetra, Archiater,
Archigenes, Chirurg, Chirurgus, Chyrurgus, Doctor,
Doktor, Impfarzt, Leibarzt, Medicus, Physikus,
Regimentsarzt;
physician (mainly without university degree):
Bruchschneider, Brucharzt, Sundmacher, Sundmaker,
Sundmäker, Tonsor, Wundarzt, Wundartzneichirurg,
Wundartzneychirurg;
dentist: Bisser, Dentist, Edentarius, Reisenzahn,
Zahnarzt, Zahnbrecher, Zahneisen;
other specialists: Augenarzt, Occlist (eye specialist);
Steinschneider (gall-stone physician); Kinderarzt
(pediatrician); Totenbeschauer (coroner);
veterinarian: Rossarzt, Thierarzt, Tierarzt, Veterinär,
Veterinärarzt;
healer: Heiler, Heilkundiger, Kasperer;
terms realted to pestilence and epidemics: Blattervater,
Pestilentiarius, Seuchenhausverwalter;
other terms for physician: Feldscher, Feldscherer,
Krankenvater;
pharmacist, herbs druggist and peddler of pills:
Alchimist, Apotheker, Apothecarius, Apteker,
Apothekengehilfe, Butendreger, Chymiater, Herbarius,
Kräutler, Kräutermann, Krautkrämer, Krautkramer,
Krudener, Krüdener, Pharmacopola, Quacksalber,
Salbenhändler, Salbenmacher, Salbenreiber, Statzauner,
Tabulettkrämer, Tabulettkramer, Theriakskrämer,
Unguentarius.
|
Midwifes
and nurses |
midwife: Bademutter, Bademuhme, Bademöhme, Bademöhme,
Bamutter, Fräle, Hebamme, Kindelmutter, Kindsmutter,
Krammoder, Obstetrix, Puerpera, Wartfrau, Wehenmutter,
Wehfrau, Wehmutter, Weisemutter, Weißfrau, weise Frau,
Wochenpflegerin, Wöchnerin;
wet nurse: Amme, Nutrix, Schenckjunfer, Schenkjunfer;
nurses: Kinderschwester, Krankenpfleger,
Krankenschwester, Krankenwärter, Spitalpfleger,
Wahrsfrau, Wahrsmann;
assistants at a birth, obstetrician: Accoucheur,
Geburtshelfer, Kindervater
|
Barbers |
Barber (in the sense of bathhouse operator or owner)
were a widespread occupation who served also as healer
and hairdresser:
terms for barber (bathhouse operator or owner) derived
from Bad (bath) or Badstube (bath room): Baader, Bader,
Badener, Bäderknecht, Badgießer, Baderschneider,
Badestübner, Badstüber, Badreiber, Bater, Bastöver,
Bathstovere, Badstuber, Badstubenbesitzer, Batstover,
Batstuber, Beder, Bedder, Bederknecht, Ehbadner,
Kostenbader, Pader, Stover, Stöwer, Stuber, Stüber,
Stübner, Stubanator, Stupenator;
other terms for bathhouse worker, operators or owners:
Badefrau, Bademagd, Balneator, Reiber;
blood-letter: Aderlasser, Flebotomarius, Fliedner,
Köpfler, Lasser, Lesser, Minutor, Phlebotomarius,
Schnepper, Schröpfer, Stucher, Windaus;
barber in the sense of hairdresser (many of them also
serving also as healer): Baderschneider, Balbeeder,
Balbierer, Balbier, Barbarius, Barbericus, Barbetonsor,
Barber, Barberer, Barbier, Barbierer, Barbitonsor,
Barbknecht, Barfknecht, Bartscher, Bartscherer,
Bartzwicker, Friseur, Haarscherer, Scherbart, Scherer;
related terms: Bademeister, Badewärter
|
Entertainment |
|
Musicians |
minstrel generel: Spielmann, Leichmann, Aufspieler,
Abenteurer;
wind player: Arcubius, Balgentreter, Bälgentreter,
Belgentreter, Belligentreder, Bassuner, Bläser,
Blatterspieler, Bomhart, Buccinator, Fistulator,
Flötner, Flötenbläser, Gellhorn, Hornblaser, Hornbläser,
Hornist, Kalkant, Liticen, Organist, Pfeifer, Pieper,
Posaunist, Salpista, Schalmeienspieler, Schwegler,
Tauber, Trompeter, Tromter, Trumetter, Trumpter,
Tubabläser, Waldhornist, Zinkenbläser, Zinkenist;
player of percussion instruments: Bungenschlager,
Glockenspieler, Pauker, Schellenschläger, Schineller,
Summerspieler, Tabourin, Tambour, Trommler,
Zimbelspieler;
player of string instruments: Bassist, Bierfiedler,
Cellospieler, Cellist, Chelista, Drehorgelspieler,
Feddeler, Fidicen, Fiedler, Fidler, Geiger, Giger,
Harfenspieler, Harfner, Harpfer, Harpffer, Harpator,
Lautenist, Leiermann, Posaunenbläser, Quinterner,
Rotter, Rottenschlager, Vedeler, Violinist;
singer: Operist, Opernsänger, Sänger;
other related terms: Instrumentista, Kantor,
Kapellmeister, Musiker, Musikgraveur, Notenstecher,
Organist;
music instrument maker: Balgmacher, Balgmeister,
Bassunmacher, Blasbelger, Blasbalgmacher,
Blasebalgmacher, Bungenmacher, Geigenbauer, Harfner,
Harpfer, Harpffer, Harpator, Kunstmeister, Lautenist,
Musikinstrumentenbauer, Orgelbauer, Orgeler, Orgler,
Paukenmacher, Trommelmacher, Wildrufdrechsler,
Wildrufmacher.
|
Traveling
entertainers |
traveling entertainer generally: Drüller, Driller,
Fahrender, Gaukler, Geikler, Geuchler, Gogler, Jocator,
Joculator, Kogler, Loculator, Lotterer, Schausteller,
Schimpfer, Trüller, Triller;
acrobat, dancer: Akrobat, Gumbelmann, Rippelreier,
Seiltänzer, Springer, Tänzer;
artistic fencer and fighter: Balger, Eichmeister,
Fechter, Kämpfer, Klopffechter,Schaufechter, Schirmer,
Voltisierer;
sorcerer, juggler: Doppeler, Haragius, Jaufer, Jaufmann,
Jongleur, Kloterer, Magus, Nigromanticus,
Schwarzkünstler, Toppeler, Worfeler, Würfelspieler,
Zauberer;
jester: Narr, Schelter;
fortuneteller, soothsayer: Kesselflicker, Wahrsager;
other related terms: Ballettierer, Britschenmeister,
Pritschenmeister, Pritzenmeister, Schauspieler,
Zirkusdirektor
|
Tramps
and beggars |
tramp, vagabound: Circulator, Fahrenheinz, Freimann,
Giler, Girator, Herumtreiber, Landfahrer, Landstörzer,
Landstreicher, Ribaldus, Schnorrer, Schnurrer, Snopel,
Sterzer, Störtzer, Störzer, Stromer, Vagabund;
beggar: Schnorrer, Schnurrer: Bettler, Mendicus,
Pracher, Stäbler, Stabuel, Stipus.
|
Artists |
sculptor, woodcarver, printer of woodcuts: Bildhauer,
Bildhauwer, Bilderbrenner, Beldesnider, Beldensnider,
Bildschneider, Bildschnitzer, Briefdrucker, Figurist,
Kartenmaler, Kleinschnitzler, Plastes, Schnitzer,
Schnitzker, Schnitzler, Sculptor;
book illustrator, painter: Adumbrator, Bildnismaler,
Briefer, Buchmaler, Conterfehter, Conterfeiter,
Conterfettner, Conterfetter, Illuminist, Künstler,
Kunstmaler, Miniaturist, Nachahmer, Portraitmaler,
Porträtmaler, Puppenmaler, Sumilator, Zeichner;
sign painter, enameller: Emaillierer, Feuermaler,
Schilderer, Schilderhersteller;
author, writer, poet: Autor, Dichter, Poeta, Verfasser.
|
Prostitutes |
brother-keeper: Riffian, Bordellwirt, Bordellwirtin,
Frauenwirt, Frauenwirtin, Hurenwirt;
pimp, procurer: Kuppler, Ruffian, Zuhälter;
prostitute: Dirne, Ganea, Hübscherin, Meretrix, Metze,
Slune, Stockfrau
|
Transport |
|
Carriers
and
Freight haulers |
freight hauler, carrier, carter, loader: Auflader,
Aufschläger, Auriga, Baiulus, Ballenbinder, Bestätter,
Bestetter, Börtfahrer, Bubulcus, Carrucarius,
Fasszieher, Frachter, Frächter, Frachtfahrer, Führer,
Fuhrmann, Fuhrunternehmer, Gerulus, Güterbestätter,
Gutfertiger, Heinzeler, Heinzler, Karchelzieher,
Karcher, Karrenmann, Karrer, Kärrner, Kerner, Lader,
Lastträger, Leiterer, Lohnfuhrmann, Lützenbruder,
Omenträger, Packer, Reihefahrer, Roller, Rosser, Rösser,
Rossinger, Sämer, Säumer, Schroder, Schroter, Schröder,
Schröter, Schröer, Spanner, Spediteur, Spetter,
Straßenführer, Träger, Trager, Treger , Trimmer, Vector,
Weneverdinger;
carrier and hauler for special products (see also
there): Bornzieher, Bornzoger, Burnenzoger, Brunnträger,
Kneveler, Trossknecht, Wasserträger, Wasserzieher,
Zeitungsfrau, Zeitungsjunge;
storehouse administrator: Hausküper, Konsorte,
Quartiersmann;
driver, coachman: Bennenfahrer, Bennenführer, Fahrer,
Fahrlehrer, Gutschier, Hauderer, Kutscher, Roller,
Wagenführer, Wagenmann;
post and railroad: Bahn-, Bahnangestellter,
Bahnarbeiter, Bahnmeister, Botenmeister, Briefbote,
Briefträger, Briefbesteller, Briefträgerin,
Briefzusteller, Postbote, Schaffner, Zusteller;
other terms: Sänftener, Sänftenträger
|
Seafaring
occupations |
sailer, seaman and seafarer: Seemann (plural Seemänner
or Seeleute), Bootsknecht, Booßknecht, Bootsgesell,
Matrose, Butenfahrer, Fahrensmann, Marinarius, Nauta,
Rojgast;
shippers (ship's captain, ship owner, sometimes also
seaman): Barsemeester, Flußschiffer, Schnickmann,
Schiffer, Schiffmann, Schipper, Akesbaas, Bescheper,
Börtschiffer, Bootsmann, Schelcher;
ship owner: Böter, Bötter, Rangschiffer, Reeder,
Schiffseigner;
ship's captain: Kapitän, Capitän, Kornkapitän, Proreta,
Schiffskapitän, Schiffsführer, Segner;
boatman, helmsman: Bootsmann, Booßmann, Boosmann,
Kahnsmann, Rudersmann, Seßtaler, Steuermann, Stuurmann;
ship building: Aedificator navium, Architectus navium,
Schutenmaker, Schiffbauer, Bode, Koggenbuwer,
Bootsbauer, Botmaker (shipbuilder); Schopper, Baar,
Baarer, Barer, Scepsbarer (ship's carpenter); Sackhuhn,
Segelmacher (sailmaker);
ferryman: Averfahrer, Bootführer, Fährpächter, Fährmann,
Ferge, Navector, Vere;
raftsman, rafting official: Aufschwemmer, Flößer,
Floßmann, Holzvogt;
towing ships upstream was done by horse or human force:
Berittener Schiffsschlepper, Bockfahrer, Leinreiter,
Schiffstreiber, Schiffszieher, Treidler;
ship loading: Ablader, Aufdinger, Ballastböter,
Ballastfahrer, Ballastschieber, Ballastschiffer,
Ballastmeister, Ewerführer, Schiffsbelader, Stauer;
lighthouse keeper, official overseeing marker buoys:
Backenmeister, Bakenmeister, Barsemeester, Barsemeister,
Bläseur, Blüsenmeister, Blüser, Feuerwärter,
Leuchtturmwärter;
other terms: Lotse, Seelotse (sea pilot); Prahmknecht,
Schifferknecht (servant of a boatsman); Baas, Bestäder,
Besteder (ship forwarding agent); Beurtfahrer,
Beurtmann, Börtschiffer (member of shipowner's
association); Bottelier, Bürgerschaffer, Proviantmeister
(ship's provision); Kammersteward, Steward (steward);
Schiffsmakler (shipbroker); Heuerbaas (someone who find
jobs for seemen); Bierböther (river boatsman
transporting mainly beer).
|
Workers, Servants,
Serfs |
|
Workers |
Some terms can refer to farm hands as well as to day
laborers (see also Farm hands and Servants).
day laborer (Tagelöhner): Accordant, Conducticius,
Deputatist, Frumwerker, Inste, Lohnarbeiter, Mietling,
Söldner, Störer, Störarbeiter, Tagelöhner, Tagner,
Tauner, Taunner, Thauner, Thaunner;
worker, labourer (Arbeiter): Arbeiter, Arbeiterin,
Arbeitsfrau, Arbeitsmann, Boßler, Fabrikarbeiter,
Hilfsarbeiter, Kärrner, Kerner, Knecht, Laborator,
Lohnarbeiter, Operator, Operarius, Schaffer, Schaffmann,
Schroder, Schroter, Schröder, Schröter, Schröer,
Stückwerker, Wirker;
specialized worker terms: Erdarbeiter, Kanalarbeiter,
Pieler;
senior worker: Vorarbeiter, Werkführer, Werkmeister;
boilerman, stoker: Brenner, Feuerer, Feurer,
Heizer,Kalfakter, Kalfaktor,Ofener, Ofner, Ofengräber,
Ofenheizer, Ofenwärter
|
Servants,
Launderers and
Cleaners |
servant: Altjungfer, Aufträger, Aufwarter, Aufwartter,
Aufwärter, Aufwirt, Bediensteter, Bedienter, Bordmagd,
Diener, Faktotum, Famellus, Famulus, Famella, Familiant,
Gehilfe, Helfer, Hulper, Jungmann, Knäbin, Magd,
Minister, Pedell, Reiseknecht, Roback, Schalck, Schalk,
Schall;
chambermaid, domestic servant, domestic maid:
Bettmacherin, Cammerarius, Hausbediensteter,
Hausbedienstete, Kammerbedienter, Kammerdame,
Kammerdiener, Kammerjungfer, Kammerlakai,Kämmerling,
Kammermädchen, Kammerportier, Kammerzofe, Lakai,
Schleußerin, Wirtschafterin, Zimmermädchen, Zofe;
chamberlain, senior domestic servant: Altfrau,
Altfrouwe, Ausgeberin, Beschließerin, Hausmann,
Kammerherr, Kammerjunker;
nanny, governess: Geraria, Kinderfräulein, Kinderfrau,
Kindermädchen, Kindermagd;
launderer, cleaner, ironer: Aufwartefrau,
Aufwartemädchen, Biegler, Bügler, Fensterputzer,
Lavandarius, Lutorissa, Putzfrau, Raumpflegerin,
Reinmachefrau, Wäscher, Waschmagd, Zugeherin, Zugehfrau;
caretaker: Hausmeister, Kalfakter, Kalfaktor, Pedell;
chimneysweep (Schornsteinfeger): Feuermäuerkehrer,
Hellefeger, Kaminfeger, Kaminkehrer, Kemmetfeger,
Kenderkehrer, Kimmichkehrer, Kümichkehrer,
Kümmichkehrer, Schlotfeger, Schornsteinfeger,
Schornsteinreiniger;
street sweeper, privy cleaner, sewer cleaner:
Abortfeger, Abtrittfeger, Abtrittreiniger,
Abtrittsreiniger, Austräger, Bachfeger, Bachstecker,
Cloacarius, Goldgräber, Heimlichkeitsfeger,
Kehrichtlader, Kehrichträumer, Kerselmann,
Kloakenreiniger, Nachtkönig, Nachtmeister,
Schüttmeister, Scoparius, Sekretfeger, Sekretgraber,
Straßenfeger, Straßenkehrer, Straßenreiniger;
well cleaner: Bornfeger, Brunnenreiniger;
dustman, trash collector: Aschefahrer, Aschenfahrer,
Müllmann, Müllfahrer
|
Serfs |
Serf, vassal, half free laborer:
Affidat, Armknecht, Burgmann, Eigenmann, Fröhner,
Frönder, Fröner, Leibeigener, Parschalk, Schalk, Smerde,
Unfreier, Untertan, Vasall, Vassal, Wildfang, Zmurde
|
Church |
|
Church
professions |
parish priest, pastor, cleric, clergyman: Antistes,
Archidiakon, Archidiaconus, Burparrherr, Burparherr,
Clericus, Geistlicher, Kleriker, Ortsgeistlicher,
Parochus, Pastor, Pastor loci, Pastor primarius, Pfarrer,
Plebanus, Priester, Sacrifuculus, Substitut;
minister, chaplain, curate, viace, assistant priest:
Altarista, Antistes, Capellanus, Curator, Feldkaplan,
Feldprediger, Hilfsgeistlicher, Kaplan, Kurator,
Leutpriester, Minister, Sallanus, Seelsorger,
Statthalter, Vikar;
bishop and other senior priests: Archidiaconus,
Archidiakon, Bischof, Decanus, Dekan, Domherr,
Domkapitular, Episcopus, Kichenfürst, Obermann,
Oberpfarrer, Pontifex, Prälat, Praepositus,
Superintendent, Thumbherr;
administrator of church property, church paymaster,
church treasurer: Heiligenpfleger, Hofmeister,
Hoffmeister, Kirchenbeter, Kastenknecht, Kastenmeister,
Kirchenmeyer, Kirchenprovisor, Kirchschaffner,
Kornprobst, Propst , Probst, Verweser;
beadle, deacon: Armendiener, Bettelvogt, Bodel,
Kirchendiener, Oberhelfer;
monks, nuns, abbots and other clerics in a monastry:
Abadissa, Abatissa, Äbtin, Äbtissin, Abass, Abt,
Barfüßer, Eremit, Eremita, Johanniter, Joncferen,
Klausner, Mandrita, Mönch, Nonne, Ordensschwestern,
Zeller;
pilgrim: Jacobsbruder, Pilger, Reiser, Waller;
rabbi: Oberrabbiner, Rabbiner;
related terms: Aedilis, Amtsbruder, Amtsvogt, Antistes,
Expectant, Gotzenträger, Götzenträger, Kantor,
Kanzelredner, Kirchencensor, Kirchenlehrer, Kirchmeier,
Krippenmacher, Visitator, Zensor
|
Ecclesiastical
offices |
sexton, verger, bellringer: Aedituus, Altarist,
Altarmann, Aufermann, Auffermann, Beiermann, Beirmann,
Campanarius, Coster, Glöckner, Kirchenknecht, Kircher,
Kirchmeister, Kirchner, Klöckner, Koster, Köster,
Koesterius, Küster, Küsterin, Läuter, Mesner, Messner,
Offermann, Opfermann, Oppermann, Organist, Pulsant,
Sakristan, Segristanus, Siegrist, Sigrist, Türmer;
church juryman: Altarmann, Altarmeister,
Kirchgeschworener, Kirchengeschworener, Kirchenjurate,
Kirchenschöffe;
chairman and other members of the church council, church
elder: Kirchenrat, Kirchenrath, Kirchenvater,
Kirchenvogt, Kirchenvorsteher, Kirchspielshauptmann,
Kirchspielsrichter, Kirchvater, Stillstände;
other honorary offices at the church: Kirchenpfleger,
Kirchenbuchführer;
see
also Musicians.
|
Funeral
offices
and professions |
gravedigger, undertaker, cemetery caretaker: Fossarius,
Fossor, Friedhofswärter, Heimbürge, Kuhlengräber,
Leichenbesorger, Leichenbestatter, Pollinctor,
Sargträger, Totenausleger, Totengräber, Todtengräber,
Totenmann, Träger, Trager, Treger, Vespillo;
person
who invites to a funeral: Klagansager, Gaffelbote,
Leichenbitter, Leichenlader.
|
Innkeepers and Cooks |
innkeeper (including proprietor): Aubergier, Aubergist,
Baas, Cauno, Gassenwirt, Gastwirt, Hospes, Hospinianus,
Kastellein, Kneipenwirt, Kneipwirt, Kneipwirth,
Kretschmer, Kretzschmar, Kretschner, Kroeger, Krogmann,
Krugelmann, Krugmann, Krüger, Leitgeb, Oeconom, Oekonom,
Schankwirt, Schankwirth, Schenck, Schenckwirt,
Schenckwirth, Schenk, Schenkwirt, Schenkwirth,
Schencker, Schenker, Schlafbaas, Speisewirth,
Stubenmeister, Tabagist, Taferner, Taverner, Wirt,
Wirth, Würth, Würth, Wyrt, Zapfer;
innkeeper (including proprietor) where the term indicate
the kind of beverages he serve: Bierschenk,
Bierschenker, Bierzapfer, Brandweinschenker,
Branntweinschenker, Broihankrüger, Braukrüger, Cafetier,
Cafetierer, Cerevisiarius, Oenopola, Weinführer,
Weingeber, Weinknecht, Weinschenk, Weinschenker,
Weinschenck, Weinschencker, Weinwirt, Weinzapf,
Zapfenwirt, Zapfenwirth, Zythepsa;
waiter: Aufwarter, Aufwartter, Aufwirt, Butteler,
Caniparius, Credenzer, Kellner, Schankkellner,
Schencker, Schenker;
cook, chef: Architriclinus, Assator, Beischenk, Bonkoch,
Cocus, Coqua, Coquus, Dapifer, Garbrader, Garcifer,
Garkoch, Koch, Köchin, Küchenmeister, Küchenschreiber,
Popinarius, Promus, Speisemeister, Traiteur, Trakteur,
Truchseß.
|
Teaching
occupations |
school principal: Ludirektor, Rektor, Rektorin,
Schulleiter, Schulleiterin;
teacher: Adjuvant, Anwiser, Behelfer, Behelver,
Bubenmeister, Grammaticus, Kindererzieherin, Lehrer,
Linguist, Ludimoderator, Magister, Praeceptor,
Schuldiener, Schulgehilfe, Schullehrer, Schulhalter,
Schulmeister, Schulsschwester, Sprachlehrer,
Sprachmeister, Spragmeister;
pupil, student, schoolboy: Alumnus, Beflissener,
Discipulus, Schüler, Schuljunge, Schulknabe, Schulmädel,
Schulmädchen, Student, Tiro, Zögling;
scholar and other old educated occupations: Arithmeticus,
Baccalaureus, Gelehrter, Rechenmeister
|
Office |
|
Officials |
|
Administrators |
Most of the terms for administrators were quite
comprehensive terms; the meaning of the terms often got
more diverse in time, e.g. Meier started from an
administrator of a large farm but later also farmers and
tenants were called Meier.
Schultheiß, Schulz (appointed village mayor, tax
collector for the ruler): Scholt, Scholte, Scholta,
Scholtka, Scholtke, Scholtheiß, Scholz, Scholze, Schult,
Schulte , Schulten, Schuldt, Schultheiß, Schulz, Schulz,
Schultz, Schultze, Schulzke, Scultetus, Unterschultheiss;
many combinations with Schulz etc.;
Meier (administrator of a large farm, farmer, tenant):
Meier, Meyer, Maier, Mayer, Mayr; many combinations with
Meier etc.;
Hoffmann, Hofmeister (administrator of a large farm like
a manor): Amtshofmeister, Hofmann, Hoffmann, Hafemann,
Havemann, Hofmeister, Hoffmeister;
Vogt (administrator, representative of the ruler or the
manor, bailiff, sheriff): Ackervogt, Bauvogt, Burgvogt,
Eckervogt, Faith, Fath, Fauth, Feut, Holzvogt,
Hühnervogt, Landvogt, Obervogt, Untervogt, Vaagd, Vagt,
Vaugt, Vogt, Vögtle, Voigt, Voogt, Voot;
Graf (high standing royal administrator, appointed
village mayor): Deichgraf, Graf, Grebe, Greve, Holzgraf,
Holzgrefe, Salzgraf, Waldgrebe, Wittgrefe, Zentgraf;
Schaffner (administrator, supervisor): Schaffer,
Schaffner, Scheffner;
Kastner, Kästner (administrator and receiver of
revenues): Castner, Kastenkeller, Kastenknecht,
Kastenmeier, Kastenmeister, Kastner, Kästner, Kestner,
Köstner;
Keller, Kellner (administrator for the store room):
Amtskeller, Keller, Kellermann, Kellerherr, Kellermeier,
Kellner;
Scheuner, Stadelmann (administrator for the store room
and tax collector): Scheuner, Scheunemann, Scheuermann,
Scheurmeier, Schünemann, Schürmann, Schünemeier,
Schürmeier, Stadelmaier, Stadelmann;
Latin terms for administrators: Administrator,
Architriclinus, Claviger, Dispensator, Faktor,
Majordomus, Massarius, Praefectus, Praetor, Promocondus,
Villicus;
other terms for administrators see other officials.
|
Officials |
terms for officials with the word Amt (office): Ammann,
Amtherr, Amtleute, Amtmann, Amtsasse, Amtssasse,
Amtshauptmann, Amtsinhaber, Amtskeller, Amtsmeister,
Amtsschreiber, Amtsverwalter, Amtsverweser, Beamter,
Beamtin, Gemeindeammann, Kanzleibeamter,
Regierungsbeamter, Stadtbeamter;
other terms for administrator, governor (see also
administrators): Bannerherr, Burgsasse, Castellan,
Dorfmann, Dörfer, Dörper, Drost, Kabinettmeister,
Kastellan, Landrat, Pfleger, Schloßaufseher,
Statthalter, Verwalter, Verweser;
other officials: Ambasiator, Ambassator, Besucher,
Botschafter, Federbedienter, Hofagent, Hoffaktor,
Hofmarschall, Official, Ratsschenker, Supan
|
Messengers
and
Clerks |
terms for (court, office) messengers, clerks and police
servants: Amtsbüttel, Amtsdiener, Amtsscherge,
Amtsknecht, Amtspedell, Anbieter, Angriffsdiener,
Apparitor, Ausklinger, Ausklingler, Banning, Bedellus,
Bidellus, Bruchvoigt, Bruchvogt, Brüchvogt, Büttel,
Butteler, Fänger, Fron, Frohn, Frohne, Fröhner,
Geißelträger, Gerichtsdiener, Häscher, Kiepenmann,
Lictoris, Lictor, Stöcker, Stockmeister;
messenger terms with and from the word Bote (messenger):
Amtsbote, Bade, Bode, Bote, Bothe, Bott, Botengänger,
Botenläufer, Bottmeister, Dienstbote, Eilbote, Freibote,
Fronbote, Gerichtsbote, Kanzleibote, Pfänder,
Renteibote, Sendbote, Silberbote, Stadtbote, Steuerbote;
messenger terms with and from the word Reiter (rider):
Ausreuter, Ausreiter, Landreiter, Reitender,
Spettreiter;
other terms for messenger: Ausgeher, Baiulus, Ehehalt,
Gerulus, Nuntius, Tabellarius, Tabellio;
other terms for clerks and government servants, bailiffs
(no messenger): Abschreiber, Adjunkt, Amanuensis,
Ambachtknecht, Ambachtschriver, Amtsdiener,
Amtsschreiber, Bannere, Bodel, Copist, Copiist,
Einspanner, Hoffron, Hoffrohne, Kanzleidiener,
Kanzleischreiber, Kanzleivorsteher, Kanzlist, Klerk,
Kopist, Kopiist, Prachervogt, Ratsdiener, Rathsdiener,
Rathsschreibe, Ratsschreibe, Ratsschreiber, Schreiber,
Schreibmeist, Schryffeyner, Scriba, Seigersteller,
Scharwächter, Skribent, Scriniarius, Stadtdiener,
Stadtknecht, Stadtschreiber, Türwärter;
public crier and messenger: Ausrufer, Ausscheller,
Exclamator, Kohlvogt, Praeco, Röpe, Röper;
secretaries and office staff: Büroangestellter,
Bürochef, Bürovorsteher, Schriftführer, Sekretär
|
Jurisdiction |
|
Judges |
Most judge and jurymen terms refer to honorary (elected
or appointed) judges and jurymen:
terms for judges and justices with Richter (judge):
Amtsrichter, Bannrichter, Bauernrichter, Bauerrichter,
Burrichter, Feldrichter, Friedensrichter, Hofrichter,
Holzrichter, Jugendrichter, Landrichter, Lokalrichter,
Ortsrichter, Richter, Schiedsrichter, Stadtrichter,
Stetrichter, Stuhlrichter;
other terms for judges: Amtmann, Amtsgerichtsrat,
Amtsgograf, Amtsgogräfe, Amtsrat, Amtsrath, Amtsvogt,
Asega, Assessor, Butenrechtsmann, Disceptator, Freigraf,
Stabhalter, Stabherr, Stadtvogt, Stillfauth, Stuhlherr,
Tschudi, Tschudy, Villicus, Witjas;
(lay) jurymen (recent basic terms Schöffe, Geschworener)
and members of local courts: Achter, Achtmann,
Achtsmann, Amtsschöffe, Amtsschöppe, Arbiter, Auditor,
Beisitzer, Beysitzer, Feldgeschworener, Geschworener,
Rachimburge, Ratsfreund, Ratsgeselle, Redner, Scabinus,
Schiedsverwandter, Schöffe, Schöffenmeister, Schöpe;
notary, advocate, attorney, lawyer: Advokat, Advocatus,
Afkaat, öffentlicher Agent, Amtsanwalt, Amtskultator,
Anwalt, Apologete, Auditor, Auditeur, Ausfauth, Iudex,
Jurist, Klagbote, Klagführer, Kronanwalt, Notar,
Notararius, Rechtsanwalt, Rechtsgelehrter;
servant, clerks at courts: Actuarius, Aktuar,
Amtsknecht, Amtspedell, Bannwart, Kammerlakai,
Nachgangsschreiber, Stabskeller, Stuhlschreiber, Weibel;
related terms: Besserer, Gemeindeammann, Justizbeamter,
Rechtsagent, Rechtsbeflissener, Rechtsbeistand,
Rechtspfleger, Sequester;
church juryman see Church
|
Executioners
and
Flayers |
executioner: Angstmann, Büttel, Carnifex, Folterer,
Folterknecht, Generalgewaltiger, Henker, Kasperer,
Profos, Profoß, Quaestionarius, Scharfrichter, Züchtiger;
flayer, renderer, knacker, skinner: Abdecker, Abstreifer,
Carnifex, Deglubitor, Excoriator, Feldmeister, Felllmann,
Freiknecht, Füller, Kafiller, Kaltschlächter, Kaviller,
Racker, Scharfrichterknecht, Schinder, Schindler,
Schinner, Schoband, Seifensieder, Smigarius,
Wasenmeister.
|
Watchmen |
jailer, gaoler, turnkey of a prison: Amtspförtner,
Arrestantenaufwärter, Arrestdiener , Eisenmeister,
Ergastularius, Gefängniswärter, Kerkermeister,
Schanzenmeister, Schlegel, Stöcker, Stockmeister,
Turmvader, Turmvater;
gatekeeper: Beschließer, Burgschließer, Burgschluter,
Claustrarius, Einlasser, Ostiarius, Pfortmann, Pförtner,
Schließer, Schlieter, Schlüter, Torhüter, Tormann,
Torwächter, Torwart, Torwärter, Türwärter, Valvarius;
guard, foreman, overseer, watchman, security guard:
Arcubius, Aufpasser, Aufseher, Beiwächter, Buccinator,
Büchsenherr, Büchsenmann, Büchsenschütze, Büchsenmeister,
Bussenschutte, Custos, Guardianus, Hausmann, Hornblaser,
Hornbläser, Speculator, Türmer, Turmwächter, Vigilarius,
Vorwarer, Wächter, Wachtgänger, Wärter;
watchman in charge of fields and field borders: Bannwart,
Feldaufseher, Feldhüter, Feldschütz, Fluhr, Flurer,
Flurschütz, Kühlmann, Pfänder, Steiner;
night watchman: Nachtwächter, Rateler, Scharwächter,
Schlupwächter;
road watchman: Wegewarter, Wegmeister;
fire fighter: Brandmeister, Feuerwehrmann;
member of the city militia: Bürgerkapitän,
Bürgerleutnant, Bürgerschütze, Bürgertambour
|
Policemen |
policemen: Biesejager, Feldreiter, Gendarm, Konstabler,
Meldemeister, Polizeibeamter, Polizist, Wachtmeister,
Xurterius;
other related terms: Hoister, Polizeidiener,
Rumormeister, Scherge, Waldreiter;
mounted policeman and messenger: Ausreuter, Ausreiter,
Landreiter
|
Guardians |
Amtsvormund, Beschirmer, Curand, Curator, Gerhab,
Kurator, Mundeburdus, Muntbor, Pfleger, Provisor
puerorum, Träger, Trager, Treger, Tutor, Vogt, Vormund,
Voerradesmann, Waisenpfleger, Wärter
|
Criminals |
criminals: Arrestant, Arresthäusler, Betrüger,
Brandstifter, Dieb, Freibeuter, Kindsmöderin, Mörder,
Schinder, Schinner, Schwindler, Straßenräuber,
Verbrecher, Wegelagerer;
see
also Foresters and Hunters, Traveling entertainers.
|
Tax and money |
|
Calibrators and
measurers |
calibrator, sealer, adjuster, weighmaster: Aicher,
Aichmeister, Eichbeamter, Eicher, Eichmeister, Libripens,
Messer, Messor, Metator, Pensator, Sinner, Ungelder,
Ungeldherr, Waagemeister, Weinmesser, Weinvisierer,
Zeichenmeister;
grain measurer: Kornmesser, Motter, Mütter;
valuer, examiner (Taxator, Prüfer): Achtmann, Achtsmann,
Geschaumeister, Kurer, Schauer, Schaur, Schaumeister,
Taxator, Schätzer,Visierer
|
Tax
and customs
occupations |
receiver of revenues, tax inspector, tax assessor, tax
official, tax collector (Steuereinnehmer):
Accisecollektor, Accisedirektor, Accisenschreiber,
Aerarius praefectus, Aerarius quastor, Aksiseher,
Akzessist, Akziseeinnehmer, Akziseherr, Akzisevogt,
Amtscommissarius, Amtsschosser, Amtsschösser,
Aufschläger, Baumeister, Bedesetzer, Beedheber,
Collector, Consumtionsschreiber, Einnehmer, Einsäckler,
Exactor, Fiskal, Fiskalat, Inbursator, Ingrossist,
Kammermeister, Licentmeister, Momboir, Rentmeister,
Salzaufleger, Salzsteuereinnehmer, Schatter, Schattmann,
Schösser, Schosserheber, Steuerbeamter, Steuerbeamtin,
Steuereinnehmer, Steuereintreiber, Steuerheber,
Steuerherr, Steuerverwalter, Tabaksteuereinnehmer,
Tegtmaier, Tegtmayer, Tegtmeier, Tegtmeyer, Ungelder,
Ungeldherr, Yngwünner;
tax collector and officials with terms relating to grain
(Korn, Kasten, Frucht, Keller), granary administrator:
Amtskeller, Castner, Fruchtschreiber, Kastenkeller,
Kastenknecht, Kastenmeier, Kastenmeister, Kastner,
Kästner, Kellner, Kestner, Körner, Köstner,
Kornhausverwalter, Kornmann, Kornmeister, Säckelmeister,
Stadler;
treasurer (Kämmerer), paymaster (Zahlmeister):
Auszahler, Ebursator, Granarius, Kammerbeamter,
Kämmerer, Rechenmeister, Rechnungsbeamter,
Rechnungsführer, Reitmeister, Rendant, Rentamtmann,
Repositor, Saccelarius, Säckelmeister, Säckler,
Schatzmann, Schatzmeister, Seckler, Sekelmeister,
Trissler, Weddeschreiber, Zahlmeister;
toll collector, customs officer, custom clerk:
Barrierenpächter, Bäumer, Baumpächter, Baumschließer,
Baumschreiber, Baumwärter, Beseher, Billeter,
Brückenzoller, Brucker, Bruckner, Brückner,
Brückenknecht, Brückenschreiber, Chausseegeldeinnehmer,
Einpfenniger, Geleitseinnehmer, Geleitsmann, Mautner,
Salzfüller, Salzmutter, Salzmütter, Torschreiber,
Zollbeamter, Zolleinnehmer, Zöller, Zoller, Zollheber,
Zollfahnder, Zollinspektor, Zollmeister, Zöllner,
Zollschreiber;
see also Administrators, Messengers and Clerks
|
Moneylender and
Minter |
moneylender, banker, moneychanger (Geldwechlser, Bakier,
Geldverleiher): Argentarius, Bancharius, Bankherr,
Bankier, Banquier, Cambiator, Campsor, Commutator,
Geldleiher, Geldverleiher, Geldwechsler, Karbatsch,
Kartzin, Kauwarz, Lampart, Lumpart, Pfandleiher,
Schatzmann, Schuldenbote, Trapezeta, Verleiher,
Verleyher, Wechselherr, Wechsler;
usurer (Wucherer): Fucker, Fuckerer, Kawertin,
Usurarius, Wucherer, Zinsnehmer, Zinswucherer;
someone who mints coins, mint inspector: Eisenhalter,
Münzaufseher, Münzer, Münzmeister, Münzpräger,
Münzprüfer, Münzschneider, Munzschroter, Nummularius,
Schroder, Schroter, Schröder, Schröter, Schröer,
Wardein;
counterfeiter of coins: Kipp, Kipper, Münzfälscher,
Münzverfälscher, Wipper
|
Military
professions |
rider, cavalry: Berittener, Dragoner, Eques, Equester,
Reisiger, Reiter, Reuter, Ritter, Rittmeister, Traguner,
Wachtmeister;
foot soldier: Büchsen, Carbiner, Fußknecht, Trabant,
Musketier;
flagbearer, standard-bearer: Bannerträger, Cornet,
Cornett, Fähndrich, Fähnrich, Fahnenträger, Fehnrich,
Fenner, Kornett, Venner;
rifleman, gunner, artillery: Artilleriebedienter,
Artillerist, Artilleriesoldat, Artillerieknecht,
Artillerieschmied, Bewaffneter, Bombardier,
Bombardarius, Bombarbista, Büchsenschütze,
Büchsenspanner, Canonier, Caribinier, Chasseur, Jäger,
Konstabler, Schütze, Sclopetarius, Stückknecht;
other military ranks: Adjutant, Admiral, Aedilis,
Bootsmann, Feldmarschall, Feldwaibel, Feldwebel,
Feldweibel, Gefreiter, Leutnant, Hauptmann, Houbetman,
Oberfeldwebel, Oberst, Stabsfeldwebel, Stabskapitän,
Unterfeldwebel, Unteroffizier, Weibel;
sling and catapult gunner and maker: Bleidner,
Blidenmacher, Blidenmeester, Schleuderer,
Schleuderschütze;
archer, bowman: Balistarius, Bogenschütze;
lancer, sword fighter: Lanzenreiter, Schwert,
Schwerdtner, Schwertner, Schwertfechter, Stecher, Ulan;
mercenaries, recruiter, conscripts: Anreißer, Anwerber,
Einberufener, Freier Knecht, Kriegsknecht,
Musterschreiber, Söldner, Werber;
military police, guard: Arcier, Exempt, Feldgendarm,
Feldjäger, Gardesoldat, Wachsoldat, Wachtsoldat;
rear troops, quartermaster, supply: Billardier,
Billetier, Billiter, Billetierer, Fourier, Hurenwaibel,
Hurenweibel, Knapphans, Marketender, Puer exercitus,
Rumormeister, Troßbube, Trossknecht, Zeltknecht,
Zeugwart;
other military terms: beurlaubter Soldat, Feldkaplan,
Feldprediger, Flieger, Generalgewaltiger, Miles, Profoß,
Schirrmeister, Soldat, Stockjunge, Wagenmeister,
Wehrmann
|
Status |
|
Mayors
and
Councilmen |
mayor: Altbürgermeister, Anschaffer, Bauermeister,
Bauernmeister, Bauernschulze, Bauervogt, Bauernvogt,
Borgmeister, Borgemeister, Borgermeister, Bürgermeister,
Burmeister, Buhrmeister, Burmester, Buhrmester,
Consiliarius, Dorfschulze, Freischulze, Magister civium,
Praetor, Scholz (see also Verwalter);
deputy mayor: Adjunkt, Beigeordneter, Reidemeister,
Riedemeister, Vizebuergermeister;
councilman: Achtbürger, Achtmann, Achtsmann, Aldermann,
Ausgänger, Billetsherr, Bürgerwort, Bürgerworthalter,
Consiliarius, Deputatist auf dem Amt, Rathsherr,
Ratsherr, Rathsmitglied, Ratsmitglied, Rathsverwandter,
Ratsverwandter, es Raths, des Rats, Ratsfreund,
Ratsgeselle, Reidemeister, Riedemeister, Schöffe,
Schöpe, Stuhlherr, Unzüchter, Viermann, Vierrath,
Viertelmeister, Worthalter;
spokesman: Achtmann, Achtsmann, Redner, Talemann.
|
Citizen
terms |
citizen (in towns and cities): Altbürger, Ausbürger,
Ausmann, Außenbürger, Börger, Bürger, Großerbe,
Neubürger, Pfahlbürger;
other terms for inhabitants of towns and cities:
Beisass, Beisasse, Fenner, Gadamer, Gademer,
Schutzverwandter, Stadtbewohner, Venner;
village people having co-operative rights in common
lands and / or eligible for the village lay court and
administration: Gemeindsmann, Innwohner, Inwohner,
Nachbar, Umsesse;
village people not having rights in common lands and not
eligible for the village lay court and administration:
Beisass, Beisasse, Beisitzer, Beiwohner, Beysass,
Beysasse, Beysitzer, Biwohner, Infrau, Inmann,
Insgesessener;
terms for village (and sometimes town) inhabitants
showing where they live: Anlieger, Anrainer, Anwender,
Ausmärker, Brenker, Butenwohner, Wröcherr, Wröherr;
elected administrator of common lands (in villages):
Allmendherr, Allmendsherr, Allmendpfleger, Allmendsvogt,
Alpleiter, Alpmeister, Alpvogt;
other terms (not distiguishing between villages and
town, not showing rights and duties): Bannleute,
Kostgänger, Obdachloser, Ortsbewohner;
migration terms: Auswanderer, Einwanderer, Flüchtling,
Fremder, Neuwohner, Umsiedler;
almoner, overseer of welfare, head of poorhouse:
Almosenpfleger, Almosensammler, Armendiener,
Armenpfleger, Armenkrankenwärter, Armenvogt,
Armenhausvater, Armenkollekteur, Armendeche, Biesejager,
Brachervogt, Spendmeister;
owner of something: Eigenthümer, Eigentümer,
Fabrikbesitzer, Inhaber, Stättenbesitzer,
Schloßbesitzer, Schloßherr;
owning (almost) nothing: Almosenempfänger, Alumnus,
Armer, Mittelloser, Unvermögender;
terms
describing the building where someone lives (see also
Cottager): Afterhäurer, Burgsasse, Hausgenosse, Inlieger,
Inligger.
|
Noblemen |
lord of a castle, earls: Burgherr, Burggraf, Burggravius,
Burgmann, Castrensis, Comes, Comes palatinus, Graf;
knight: Knappe, Reichsritter, Ritter, Schwertdegen;
other terms for noblemen: Adliger, Adlige, Baron,
Freiherr, Fürst, Herzog, Junker, Kaiser, König, Liber
baro, Viztum;
courtier: Aulicus, Hofmann, Hoffmann, Höfling
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